Term
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Definition
| flips specific phospholipids across membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reinforces bilayer and deformable network |
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Term
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Definition
| multipass protein that attaches to ankyrin to provide support |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to Band 3 and spectrin |
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Term
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Definition
| single pass protein that attaches to band 4.1 and actin |
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Term
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Definition
| binds spectrin cytoskeleton to glycophorin |
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Term
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Definition
| bind to addressins for cell recognition |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolyzes RanGTP --> RanGDP |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphorylates RanGDP --> RanGTP |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to NES on cargo protein and nucleoporin |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to NLS on cargo protein and nucleoporin |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to exportin via NES on hnRNPs (RNA-protein complex) |
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Term
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Definition
| variant of LMNB gene. Lamin B binds to emerin and other IM proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| splice variants of LMNA. Lamins A and C bind to Lamin B and heterochromatin |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphorylates nuclear lamin during prophase |
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Term
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Definition
| inner membrane protein - deficiency leads to emery-dreifuss muscle dystrophy |
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Term
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Definition
| ensures proper formation of snRNPs in cytoplasm. Mutation causes SMA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enters speckles where mRNA processing/cleaving occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| Enters nucleolus where rRNA processing occurs --> protein |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to ER signal sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to SRP to form SRP complex |
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Term
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Definition
| translocates proteins destined for rER-Golgi route |
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Term
| Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) |
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Definition
| oxidation of free SH groups on cysteine -> S-S bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| pulls translocating protein in |
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Term
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Definition
| folds misfolded or unfolded proteins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| promotes coat protein assembly |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to t-snare of target membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to v-snare of vesicle for membrane fusion |
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Term
| N-acetylglucosamine methyltransferase |
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Definition
| When lacking m6p tag, it cannot be found in lysosome leading to mucolipidosis II |
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Term
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Definition
| Free ribosomes synthesize peroxisomal proteins with SKL tag |
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Term
| Mitochondrial signal sequence |
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Definition
| mitochondrial proteins to be sent to mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| ER signal sequence attached to soluble proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| ER signal sequence attached to membrane proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Cis golgi face phosphorylates mannose residues of lysosomal proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Sialic acid added in Trans |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to KDEL of resident ER proteins to form COP-I coated vesicles |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptins bind to cargo receptors and allows for clathrin to bind |
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Term
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Definition
| clathrin binds to adaptin changing contour of membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| pinches off membrane to form vesicle with clathrin coat |
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Term
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Definition
| Rab GTPase helps docking of vesicle by favoring interaction btwn v and t-snares |
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Term
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Definition
| Disassembly of Snare complex and final fusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Rab effector (tethering protein) binds to Rab to bend and allow snare complex to form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Senses influx of Ca++ that triggers binding of synaptobrevin and syntaxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Flaccid paralysis @ Neuromuscular junction |
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Term
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Definition
| Spastic paralysis in motor neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| Tetanus toxin that cleaves synaptobrevin |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins like complement, antibodies, bac oligosaccharides, apoptotic cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| residual bodies (indigestible materials) |
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Term
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Definition
| Clathrin coated vesicles form via AP complexes and through receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Invaginations of PM with caveolae (transmembrane) proteins form vesicles |
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Term
| N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase |
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Definition
| Phosphorylates mannose residues on N-linked glycosylated proteins (acid hydrolases) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pumps H+ into lysosome thru ATP hydrolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins destined for endosome to get degraded will be monoubiquitinated (receptors get monoubi.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| allows import proteins into thru this channel WITH ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| genes that code for peroxins |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxidizes organic compounds to remove H+s making H2O2 as product |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking down purines (A and G) into Uric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in outer membrane, incorporated into inner membrane (impermeability) |
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Term
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Definition
| Integral proteins for free diffusion of small molecules and ions |
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Term
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Definition
| Translocates larger proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Translocates larger matrix proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses energy from electrochemical gradient to produce ATP. Allows for coupling in Oxidation-Phosphorylation. |
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Term
| Thermogenin (uncoupling protein [UCP]) |
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Definition
| Uncouples Oxidation-phosphorylation, instead allowing H+ flow to make heat |
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Term
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Definition
| e- bind to O2 producing O2- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins that creates pores in outer membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Imported into Mt via TOM and prevents folding of Mt protein |
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Term
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Definition
| assists in folding proteins WITH ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| binds to DNA by RTs (supposed to influence normal DNA poly, but affects DNA poly gamma) |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to receptors on cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Phosphorylates proteins or sends catalytic subunits into nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| Dephosphorylates proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in signaling (GTP/GDP bound) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ligand binds to receptor causing cascade of signals w/ G proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Membrane-bound enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd messenger from effector protein, adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
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Definition
| Ends cell response by converting cAMP to 5'AMP |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane-bound effector enzyme: converts Inositolphospholipid to IP3 and DAG |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd messenger from PLC that activates Ca++ channels, Ca binds Ca binding protein, activates PKC, activates TFs |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd messenger from PLC that activates PKC, activates TFs |
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Term
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Definition
| Receptor w/ Intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity |
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Term
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Definition
| subunits of G protein that bind to adenylyl cyclase |
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Term
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Definition
| Subunits of G protein that bind to PLC |
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Term
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Definition
| Intermembrane signaling molecule activated by RTK |
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Term
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Definition
| pre-activated 2nd messenger |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| converts PIP3 back into PIP2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Kinase that is activated by PI3K (RTK) pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| Bcl-2 family proteins that inhibit proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (BAX and BAD) from forming holes |
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Term
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Definition
| adapter protein binding to dimerised RTK |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SOS recruits Ras and activates it |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| MAPK activates TFs, Fos and Jun (GFs, GFRs, Cell cycle proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| Activated Ras stimulates transcription of GLUTs in insulin pathway for RTK |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in signaling for Cytokine receptors (signal transduction and activation of transcription) |
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Term
| ILK (Integrin linked kinase) |
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Definition
| Cooperative integrin and RTK signaling |
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Term
| FAK (Focal adhesion Kinase) |
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Definition
| Controls migration, proliferation, growth, differentiation, apoptosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor protein that moves from + to - end (retrograde) |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor protein that moves from - to + end (anterograde) |
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Term
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Definition
| Conformation of 9 triplet MTs to form MTOCs |
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Term
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Definition
| dimers that allow for polymerization of MTs |
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Term
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Definition
| made of MTs that create a nucleating center on the edge of centrosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| MT Associating Protein that binds to MTs and stabilizes them |
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Term
|
Definition
| a MAP that when hyperphosphorylated will cause formation of NFTs |
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Term
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Definition
| Build up of beta amyloid peptides in Alzheimers (due to secretase cleaving wrong) |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrolyzes ATP to ADP so that dynein can move its arms |
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Term
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Definition
| link proteins so that bending occurs instead of sliding for cilia and flagella |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| treatment of cancers with high mitotic index |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks mitosis (can't break down mitotic spindle) - treatment of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fibroblasts, endothelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Astrocytes, Schwann cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Involved in Epidermolysis diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| monomers that gather to form F-actin with ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Signals for nucleation of G-actin (preferably on pre-existing actin filament) |
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Term
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Definition
| Encourages ADP-->ATP on G-actin to form dimers and trimers |
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Term
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Definition
| Signals for nucleation of G-actin (straight chains) |
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Term
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Definition
| Denucleates or disassembles at minus end |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In constant fight with profilin by preventing polymerization |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractile motor protein (muscle and nonmuscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loose packing of stress fibers (allowing space for myosin heads to interact) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Connects stress fibers to ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| Creates web-like network in villi (contrast to Fimbrin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms actin cytoskeleton to ankyrin which binds band 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| complex found in muscle that allows actin cytoskeleton to bind sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows actin cytoskeleton to bind to ECM via focal adhesions |
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Term
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Definition
| activation of nucleating proteins (like arp2/3, formins and other arps) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| actin cytoskeleton activation |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutation leads to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks ATP hydrolysis & prevents depolymerization |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the troponin complex that binds to myosin and regulates with Ca++ |
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Term
| Dystrophin adapter protein (DAP) complex |
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Definition
| Dystrophin, alpha actinin, Grb-2, etc etc |
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Term
|
Definition
| peripheral protein that binds to lamin B |
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Term
|
Definition
| Part of sarcolemma glycocalyx that links actin cytoskeleton to BM |
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Term
|
Definition
| links to dystroglycan allowing sarcolemma to adhere to BM |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fetal version of dystrophin that has been triggered for upregulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Resists tension, tensile strength of tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| a.a. residue of collagen and elastin only |
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Term
|
Definition
| glycosylated in formation of collagen fibers (not in elastins) |
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Term
|
Definition
| deaminates lysine and hydroxylysine into having reactive aldehydes |
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Term
| collagen types I, II, III, V |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| binds to laminin below BM |
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Term
| Collagen types VI, IX, XII |
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Definition
| Organize fibrils in ECM by binding to fibrillar collagens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| binds and assembles elastin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits degradation of elastin in lungs by elastase |
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Term
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Definition
| unique proteoglycan - nonsulfated GAG made by enzyme on basal ep. Surface |
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Term
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Definition
| aggrecan proteoglycans gather on hyaluronic acid (forms core) |
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Term
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Definition
| adhesive glycoprotein that anchors ep. Cells to BL |
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Term
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Definition
| HSPG that mediates interaction btwn laminins and type IV collagen (also gather growth factors) |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to laminin and collagen IV |
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Term
|
Definition
| Connects cells to all ECMs (except Basal lamina) |
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Term
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Definition
| binding site for integrins |
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Term
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Definition
| transmembrane protein that links fibronectin to collagen |
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Term
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Definition
| principle cell receptors for binding ECM (collagen, laminin, fibronectin) |
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Term
|
Definition
| modulates interaction btwn integrins and actin in focal adhesions |
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Term
|
Definition
| links actin stress fibers to create space for myosin II |
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Term
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Definition
| regulate Rho GTPase, (Mapk and PI3K pathway) |
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Term
|
Definition
| binds IFs to integrins in hemidesmosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| binds hemidesmosomes to CT |
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Term
| Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteases (TIMPs) |
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Definition
| to control collagenase activity during cell migration and invasion |
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Term
|
Definition
| tightly binds cell to cell |
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Term
|
Definition
| tightly binds cell to cell |
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Term
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Definition
| adhering molecules in anchoring junctions (adherins and desmosomes) |
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Term
|
Definition
| allows actin to bind to E-cadherins |
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Term
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Definition
| intracellular anchor proteins btwn specific cadherins and Ifs |
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Term
|
Definition
| intracellular anchor proteins btwn specific cadherins and Ifs |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 connexons make gap junction |
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Term
|
Definition
| 6 connexins make 1 connexon |
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Term
|
Definition
| allows for nutrient transport between schwann cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| carbohydrate-binding proteins - Ca++ dependent |
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Term
|
Definition
| L-selectins bind to addressins |
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Term
|
Definition
| binds to oligosaccharide chains of WBC and allows leukocyte 'rolling' |
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Term
|
Definition
| binds to integrins in activated WBCs and allows for strong adhesion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Integrin that allows for ICAM interaction, without it LAD… |
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Term
|
Definition
| constitutive expression of FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation leading to Achondroplasia |
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