Term
|
Definition
| fertilized structure – sphere of cells filled with fluid |
|
|
Term
| Describe the three germ layers |
|
Definition
i. Endoderm (internal organs)
ii. Mesoderm (bone, structural components – connective tissue, etc.)
iii. Ectoderm (skin, nervous system)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Group of cells develop inside the mesoderm
•stimulates growth of CNS, remains in between vertebrae
|
|
|
Term
| Describe the developmental impact of the notochord |
|
Definition
•As the notochord secretes hormones, it stimulates cell growth in the ectoderm, forming the neural crest
•Cell growth pushes two crests together until they begin to seal over -> forms the neural tube
•Neural tube starts to seal in the middle and moves outwards
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Neuropores are the last things to seal up -> usually seal ~ 6 weeks into pregnancy
•Anterior neuropore should seal over first (anterior components of the nervous system develop more quickly
•If the anterior neuropore does not seal, the brain does not form (ex. Child is born with anencephaly – missing cerebral cortex, part of the skull and scalp
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| future structural components (bone, connective tissue, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| future skin and nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deformity of the lower spinal cord, caused when the posterior neuropore does not seal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebral cortex, covering skull and skin do not form; caused when the anterior neuropore does not seal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary brain vesicle; future medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midbrain (includes superior and inferior colliculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thalamus and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Thalamus is involved in integration and processing sensory input (except smell) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Hypothalamus controls the endocrine system (reproductive functions, etc.), the autonomic/visceral nervous system (respiratory and heart rate, appetite, etc.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia
• Telencephalon has the largest growth
• First grows downwards, than in other directions as it pushes on the cranial vault
• Runs out of space -> tissue begins to fold and curl in a circular fashion
• All structures from the telencephalon have a circular structure
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basal Ganglia now called basal nuclei, are involved in fine motor coordination (works with cerebellum, thalamus, and colliculi), emotional response, learning |
|
|
Term
| Diseases of basal ganglia |
|
Definition
| tremors, involuntary movements (Parkinson’s, Tourette’s) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Spinal cord stops growing before the rest of the body -> the spinal cord does not extend the full length of the vertebral column. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary brain vessicles? |
|
Definition
| Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon |
|
|
Term
| What are the five secondary brain vessicles? |
|
Definition
| Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Metencephalon, Mesencephalon, Myelencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
