Term
|
Definition
•Cell membrane is made of cholesterol
•Membrane is composed of lipids (fats)
•Protein structures -> transfer information, act as catalysts, etc.
•Enzymes are proteins
•Proteins embedded in the membrane act as channels to allow ions to get across liquid membrane
•Foreign body can only get across the membrane if it acts like a lipid (like dissolves like) -> isolates interior of the cell
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•[K+] is very large inside the cell
•K+ has an affinity for amino acids inside the cell (exposes more negative charge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•[Na+] is higher outside the cell
•Na+ is angry -> negative charge across membrane
•Na+ can get into the cell if it carries glucose (glucose molecules can’t get across the membrane alone)
•Sodium potassium pumps monitor the concentrations of Na+ and K+ by pulling Na+ back out of the cell as soon as it gets in
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pumps located in the cell membrane that monitor [Na+] and [K+] by pulling Na+ out of the cell body once it gets in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually -90 to -70 mV ; everything is cool inside the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in voltage across the cell: Na+ slips in and opens enough doors to allow a flux of Na+ ions --> the cell becomes more positive; K+ begins to exit the cell, making it even more positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an area between myelin sheaths, coated with everything necessary to rejuvenate action potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Area of the neuron where the action potential begins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuroglia that create myelin sheath in the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| information jumping from one node to the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of myelin in random spots along the nervous system. Results in slower conduction of signals throughout the nervous system and --> no signals to and from the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - pattern loss of fine motor control, followed by loss of gross motor control --> victims functionally become trapped inside their own bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| space between pre- and post-synaptic elements, found in mammals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gamma-aminobutyric acid, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A major excitatory neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
| Properties of the synapse |
|
Definition
•Mammals always have a synaptic cleft; invertebrates have direct connection btwn pre- and post-synaptic elements
•Cleft allows flexibility
•Vesicles store molecules called neurotransmitters
•Voltage sensitive calcium channels in the axon terminal open up in response to change in voltage
•Calcium causes vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane; neurotransmitters are emptied into the synaptic cleft
•Protein receptors on postsynaptic membrane -> triggers action potential
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the natural resting polarization is restored to a neuron after an action potential. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the membrane potential of the neuron dips lower than its resting potential because excess K+ is leaving the cell. |
|
|
