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| Work on chemical system eqn |
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w=PΔV
(constant pressure) |
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| Conduction-temperature difference is proportional to |
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| doesn't change when traveling thru line of materials placed b/w hot + cold reservoirs |
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| 1st Law of Thermodynamics |
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| Examples of state functions (ie don't change depending on path) |
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| Examples of Path function (ie change according to path) |
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ΔH=ΔU+PΔV
(const. pressure, ΔU=internal E) |
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| Heat (ΔH enthalpy) of rxn |
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| ΔH°rxn=ΔH°f products- ΔH°f rxtnts |
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| Label Fig. 1 on pg. 1 of notebook |
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| Exothermic rxn has _ Δenthalpy |
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| ΔS of sys. + surroundings eqn |
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| ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings = ΔSuniverse≥0 |
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ΔG= ΔH-TΔS
(const. T & P rxns) |
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| ΔG from (+/-) ΔH & ΔS chart |
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Definition
ΔH ΔS ΔG
(-) (+) → (-)
(+) (-) → (+)
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| Heat is being __ if ΔH is (+) |
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| Bond broken, E is __. Bond formed, E is __ |
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| x = mols solt/ mols solt + solvent |
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| mass %= mass solt/ mass soln X 100 |
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| ppm = mass solt/ mass soln X106 |
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| Raoult's law (vapor press.) for nonvolatile solt |
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Pv = xa Pa
(xa= mole fraction of liqd a; Pa= vapor press. of liqd a)
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| vapor press. eqn for volatile solt addition |
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| stronger bonds form in a soln when heat is... |
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| T increase, gas __ soluble |
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| less (e.g. soda can); nt: opposite for salts |
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| H2O boils at ___ °C & ___ torr |
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| Volatile solt addition. If exothermic, Pv deviates... |
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| negatively from Raoult's law. |
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| Nonvolatile solt addition. Pv... |
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| decreases (b/c takes up space of surface molecules) |
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| Element in standard state @ 25 °C. ΔH=? |
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| Heat engine is more efficient if temp of reservoirs are... |
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