Term
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Definition
Directly into the fluid.
Effects are slower, less direct, and longer lasting than the nervous system.
Alter metabolic activities, regulate growth and development, and guide reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
Derived from peptides.
Manufactured in rough ER.
Water soluble so cannot diffuse through the membrane of the effector.
Ant/Post Pituitary Hormones, parathyroid hormone, and pancreatic hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
Derived from / chemically similar to cholesterol.
From Smooth ER/Mito.
Diffuse through the cell membrane of the effector.
glucocorticoids/mineral corticoids, gonadal hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Hormones, epinephrine/norepinephrine. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls the release of the anterior petuitary hormones with releasing and inhibitory hormones. |
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Term
| Anterior Pituitary Hormones |
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Definition
FLATPG
Follicles-Stimulating Hormone FSH
Leutinizing Hormone LH
Adrenocorticotropin ACTH
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
Prolactin
Growth Hormone GH |
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Term
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Definition
Somatotropin
Stimulates growth. |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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Definition
| Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids using cAMP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
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Definition
thyroitropin
Stimulates the thyroid to release T3, T4 using cAMP.
T3 and T4 have a negative feedback effect on TSH release. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates milk production |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates the release of Oxytocin and ADH |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases uterine contractions during pregnancy and allows for milk let down. |
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Term
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Definition
Vasopressin
Causes the collecting ducts of the kidney to become permeable to water reducing the amount of urine and concentrating urine.
Causes water retention and blood pressure increase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located on top of the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
The outside portion of the gland that secretes only steroid hormones.
mineral corticoids and glucocorticoids. |
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Term
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Definition
Increase blood glucose concentration and affect fat and protein metabolism.
cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
Affect the electrolyte balance in the blood stream.
Aldosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| steroid mineral corticoid that increases blood pressure by increasing Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
A steroid glucocorticoid that increases blood glucose levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis.
Stress hormone. |
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Term
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Definition
Tyrosine derivatives syntesized in the adrenal medulla.
Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Vasoconstrictors of blood vessels and vasoldilators of skeletal muscle.
Stress hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
T3, T4 and Calcitonin production
Regulated by TSH |
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Term
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Definition
Lipid soluble tyrosine derivatives.
Increases basal metabolic rates. |
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Term
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Definition
Large peptide hormone released by thyroid.
Slightly decreases blood calcium by decreasing osteoclast activity and number. |
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Term
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Definition
Has endocrine and exocrine funcitons.
Secretes insulin and glucagon. |
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Term
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Definition
Peptide hormone released by β cells of the pancreas.
Lowers blood glucose levels as a result of high carbohydrate or protein levels in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
A peptide hormone released by α cells of the pancreas.
Stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver via cAMP to raise blood glucose levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 small glands at the back of the thyroid that release parathyroid hormones. |
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Term
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Definition
Peptide that increases blood calcium.
Increases osteocyte absorption of calcium and phosphate from bone and stimulates proliferation of osteoclasts. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Produces the sperm.
Spermatogonia are located here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatids, spermatozoa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of follicles in the female, production of sperm in the male. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes ovulation; stimulates estrogen and testosterone secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
Secondary sex characteristics; closing of epiphyseal plates.
Stimulate germ cells to become sperm cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Male sex hormone.
Primary is testosterone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Location of spermatozoon maturation before ejaculation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spermatozoa are propelled through here and into the urethra before ejaculation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The complete mixture of spermatozoa and fluid that leaves the penis upon ejaculation. |
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Term
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Definition
Begins in the ovaries of the fetus.
Arrested as primary oocytes upon birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of estrogen steroid that prepares the uterine wall for pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
The time right before ovulation where estradiol levels rise rapidly causing a dramatic increase in LH secretion.
Causes the follicle to burst, releasing the egg - now a secondary oocyte - into the body cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretes estradiol and progesterone throughout pregnancy or until the luteum degrades into the corpus albicans. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the oocyte undergoes a second meiotic divison and releases a polar body it becomes an ovum. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the sperm and the ovum fuse during fertilization they become a zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins in the fillopians tubes on the zygote. |
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Term
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Definition
A zygote that is composed of 8 or more cells.
The embryo no longer grows during this stage. |
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Term
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Definition
A morula that develops into a fluid filled sac.
Lodges into the uterus and becomes implanted on about the 5th or 7th day of ovulation. |
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Term
| Human chorionic gonadotropin |
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Definition
| A peptide hormone secreted by the egg upon implantation that prevents the degredation of the corpus luteum and maintains its secretion of estrogen and progesterone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed from the tissue of the egg and the mother and takes over the job of hormone secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which the cells of the embryo become different from one another and form specialized tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| The specialization that occurs at the end of the development forming a specialized tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| The embryo that has three primary germ layers - ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop into the outer coverings of the body and into the cells of the nervous system and sense organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop intot he lining of the digestive tract and to much of the liver and pancreas. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stuff that lies between the inner and outer coverings of the body - muscles, bones and the rest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed from the gastrula in a process called neurulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The notochord induces the overlying ectoderm to thicken and form the neural plate. |
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Term
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Definition
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