Term
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Definition
| Salivary enzyme-digestion of polysaccharides in mouth |
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Term
| What are the four major types of cells found in the stomach and their functions? |
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Definition
- G cell-secrete gastrin
- Mucous cell-RER & Golgi help make mucus
- Parietal cell-many mitochondria helps to establish proton gradient
- Chief cell-RER synthesizes pepsinogen
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Term
| What are three parts of the small intestine, and what occurs at each part? |
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Definition
- Duodenum-mostly digestion (smallest)
- Jejunum-mostly absorption
- Ileum-mostly absorption (biggest)
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Term
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Definition
| Lymph vessel found within each villus |
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Term
| What four enzymes are released by the pancrease, and what are their functions? |
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Definition
- Chymo/trypsin-protein breakdown
- Pancreatic amylase-powerful; carb breakdown
- Lipase-fat breakdown
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Term
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Definition
| Emulsifies fat-breaks it up into smaller particles (physical change) to provide greater surface area for lipase digestion |
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Term
| What are two functions of the large intestine? |
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Definition
- Water absorption
- Electrolyte absorption
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Term
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Definition
| Protein molecule in blood that transports free fatty acids from adipose tissue |
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Term
| What are eight function performed by the liver? |
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Definition
- Blood storage-body's blood reservoir
- Blood filtration
- Carb metabolism-blood sugar control
- Fat metabolism
- Protein metabolism
- Detoxification
- Erythrocyte destruction
- Vitamin storage
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Term
| What happens to blood acidity when the liver mobilizes fat or protein for energy? |
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Definition
| ketosis (or acidosis)-pH increases |
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Term
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Definition
- Renal corpuscle-blood flows into glomerulus and then into Bowman's capsule (hydrostatic pressure forces through fenestrations)
- Proximal tubule
- Descending limb
- Loop of Henle
- Ascending limb
- Distal tubule
- Collecting duct
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Term
| What occurs in the proximal tubule? |
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Definition
- Reabsorption-all glucose, most proteins, and other solutes
- Secretion-toxins, drugs, and other solutes
- Net effect-reduce the amount of filtrate while changing the solute composition without changing the osmolarity
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Term
| What occurs as filtrate flows down the descending limb and back up the ascending limb? |
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Definition
- DL-water passively diffuses out into the medulla
- AL-salt diffuses out passively then actively but impermeable to water
- Net effect-increase medullary solute concentration and osmotic pressure
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Term
| What occurs at the distal tubule? |
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Definition
- Reabsorbs Na+/Ca2+ while secreting K+/H+/HCO3-
- Net effect-lower filtrate osmolarity
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Term
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Definition
- Acts upon collecting tubule (distal tubule)
- Water flows from tubule thereby concentrating the filtrate
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Term
| What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? |
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Definition
- Monitors filtrate pressure in the distal tubule
- Initiates cascade the releases aldosterone which stimulates the formation of membrane proteins that absorb Na+ and secrete K+
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