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| law of conservation of energy- energy of the universe is constant. when e of sys decreases the energy of rest of universe increases |
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| disorder/entropy of the universe tends to increases |
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delta G =delta H -TdeltaS
H-enthalpy
S- entropy |
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| change in H = change in E -pressure times change in volume |
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| if delta S is negative, disorder- |
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Definition
| the sys lost entropy and disorder decreased |
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| in liq phase how is H related to E |
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Definition
| H=E, bc volume is negligible |
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| -G, spontaneous exergonic (energy in system) |
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prodcts and reactants at 1M
pH 7 |
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| Delta G depends on concentrations of products/reactants eqn: |
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| large= more products at equlib. meaning products have lower free energy |
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| G=0 products or reactants favored? |
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Definition
| Neither, G=0 you are at equilibrium |
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| how does delta G change for burning sugar vs breaking down sugar in the body? |
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Definition
| G is independent of rxn pathway, and only takes into the acount of energy of products vs reactants. Therefore G is same in both |
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Term
| how would the rate of a spontaneous reaction be affected if the activation energy Ea were lowered? |
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Definition
rate increased
lowering Ea means lowering amount of energy to get to TS, and the more TS formed the more product will be produced, therefore a faster rate. |
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| How do enzymes affect concentrations of reagents at equilib? |
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Definition
| it doesnt alter concentrations, just hte rate it will reach equilib. |
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| what is the favorable rxn a cell uses to drive unfavorable ones? |
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| What shape do enzymes take? Globular or fibrous? |
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Definition
Globular/spherical inorder to form an active site.
Structural proteins tend to be fibrous |
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Term
Cmpd A converts into cmpd B in solution. They are in equilibrium. Keq= [B]/[A]=1000
If A is dissolved into water at 298 K will delta G be + or -? |
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Definition
| You don't need to calculate G. If Keq=1000, you know that there will be 1000 times more B than A in a solution at equilibrium. If there is a solution of only A, the rxn will spntly go towards B. |
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| which configuration of aa and surgars are in animals? |
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| what are the redox members of glucose oxiatation? |
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C oxidized to CO2
O reduced to H20 |
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| finish pg 35=48, glycolysis and metabilism/krebs |
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