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destruction of the temple in Jerusalem
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| Felicitas and Perpetua: The two most famous of the early church's female martyrs |
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Clement of Alexandria died
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| Constantine’s Edict of Milan (agreement between Licinius and Constantine declared an end to Christian persecution) |
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Council of Nicea (Christ is fully divine)
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Council of Constantinople (Christ fully human)
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| John Chrysostom: preached for the moral reform of Antioch. He was especially known for expositing the spiritual intention of authors of scripture and making practical application for the people. nick-named Chrysostom, or “golden-mouthed” |
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Council of Ephesus (Christ is one person)
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Council of Chalcedon (Christ is two nature)
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Fall of the Last Roman Emperor in the West
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Charlemagne became emperor of the west, crowned by Pope Leo III
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Pornocracy of the Papacy
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Anselm: Father of scholasticism
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Leo IX (Bruno) initiated the Reform of the Papacy
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Gregory VII -Hildebrand, reformation Pope
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crusades (first crusades- Pope Urban II)
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Most powerful pope in history: Innocent III
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Thomas Aquinas: wrote (1265-73) Summa Theologica (rational argument for Christianity), most important person in scholasticism and Christian thinker since Augustine
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beginning of the decline of the papacy
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plague arrived in Europe
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Great Western Schism (two or three popes claiming the right to be pope), Papal Schism
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Martin Luther nails the 95 thesis to the Wittenburg door
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-Zwingli: founder of reformed Christianity (but Calvin is most famous/influential) officially broke with the RCC
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dissolution of the monasteries in England by Henry VIII
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Council of Trent, highpoint of the Catholic Reformation
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Pope Paul IV zenith of the reforming spirit of the RCC
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St. Bartholemew's Day Massacre
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Jakob Boehme wrote Brilliant Dawn
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the Formula of Concord took place
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“I think therefore I am” Descartes his philosophy was called Cartesianism
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| George Fox founder of the Quakers - paid attention to the community of believers. |
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Jakob Spener is called the father of Pietism. In 1675 he wrote Pia desideria which was an outlined program of piety
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the Peace of Westphalia was signed and put an end to the conflict known as the Thirty Year War
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Emmanuel Swedenborg very similar to Boheme and Fox.
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Empiricism was birthed by John Locke who published Essay on Human Understanding
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Locke published a treatise, The Reasonableness of Christianity
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David Hume pointed out that no one had ever seen or experienced cause and effect.
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Immanuel Kant wrote Critique of Pure Reason in 1781
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John Wesley had a profound effect on the founding of the Methodist denomination; - Wesley died in 1791
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| Wesley sent lay preacher Francis Asbury to the colonies; Asbury was the driving force in moving Methodist westward |
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Pius IX had the longest pontificate in
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Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary
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Azusa Street Mission of Los Angeles it was located on Bonnie Brae Street (founded by William Seymour)
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the Vatican and the Third Reich signed a concordant; following the directions of the government a united German Evangelical Church was formed
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| Deitrich Bonhoeffer was arrested by the Gestapo in April 1943 and hanged in 1945 |
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-First Assembly of the World Council of Churches took place in Amsterdam
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Pope John formally opened the Second Vatican Council
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Dr. King was assassinated; leader of Civil Rights Movement
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Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, and Radical
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the ideas that divine providence established the British colonies in North America, that Protestantism was superior to Catholicism, and that whites were superior to blacks and Native Americans
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| three main responses of Christianity to the threats of heresy in the early church |
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Volume of the Seventy, LXX, Greek translation of the Old Testament, legend says translated by 70 scholars who came together and had exact translations
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defenders of the faith, wrote extensively, often were martyred
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| Dominicans (Dominic de Guzman d. 1221) and Franciscans (Francis of Assisi d 1226) |
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