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MBI 111
Terms for MBI 111
32
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
01/16/2013

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Term
organism which provides nutrients, etc. to another organism
Definition
host
Term
organism which lives at the expense of (and may even harm) its host; generally smaller than the host and is metabolically dependent upon it
Definition
parasite
Term
an upset in the homeostasis of the host, resulting in generation of observable changes
Definition
disease
Term
objective evidence of damage to the host (fever, rash, vomiting)
Definition
sign
Term
subjective evidence of damage to the host (headache, anorexia)
Definition
symptom
Term
one in which detrimental changes in health of the host occur as a result of damage caused by a parasite
Definition
infectious disease
Term
microorganism that is capable of causing disease
Definition
pathogen
Term
a measure of pathogenicity, which is the ability to cause disease
Definition
virulence
Term
microorganisms that readily cause disease (only small numbers of the microorganism are required to initiate and sustain infection)
Definition
virulent
Term
microorganisms with reduced ability to cause disease
Definition
attenuated
Term
microorganisms that do not cause disease
Definition
avirulent
Term
microorganisms that may or may not cause disease generally colonize, but do not infect, the host when usually found associated with a host, called normal microbiota can cause disease if they are inadvertently introduced into a site where they do not usually reside, especially inside host tissues
Definition
opportunistic
Term
enable parasites to attach to host cells or tissues
Definition
adhesins
Term
enable parasites to enter and/or move through host cells or tissues
Definition
invasins
Term
enable parasites to escape from host defenses
Definition
evasins
Term
enable parasites to damage host cells
Definition
toxins
Term
study of the occurrence of disease in a human population, especially the cause (etiology) and transmission of disease
Definition
epidemiology
Term
commonly refers to an unusually high incidence of a disease in a community (population) at one time
Definition
epidemic
Term
the proportion (or percentage) of diseased individuals in a population at one time
Definition
prevalence
Term
the number of diseased individuals in a population at one time
Definition
incidence
Term
a disease is constantly present, usually at low incidence, in a population
Definition
endemic
Term
appearance of several cases of a disease, usually in a short period of time, in an area previously experiencing no cases or only sporadic (scattered or isolated) cases of the disease
Definition
outbreak
Term
disease; sickness; clinical illness
Definition
morbidity
Term
death
Definition
mortality
Term
a site in which infectious agents remain viable (alive) and from which infection of individuals may occur
Definition
reservoir
Term
an infected individual which is not showing obvious signs or symptoms of clinical disease, but which is shedding the etiologic agent for a long period of time (greater than six months)
Definition
carrier
Term
diseases which occur primarily in animals but are occasionally transmitted to people
Definition
zoonoses
Term
living agent which transmits infectious agent
Definition
vector
Term
non-living object that transmits infectious agents
food/water?
Definition
fomite
a: vehicles
Term
If a microorganism is the causative (etiologic) agent of an infectious disease, it must be:

Present in every case of the disease, but absent from the healthy host
Isolated and grown in pure culture
Able to Cause the disease when a pure culture is inoculated into a healthy host
Re-isolated from the host that was inoculated with the pure culture
Definition
Koch's Postulates
Term
infection or intoxication of many people from a single contaminated source
characterized by rapid onset, "sharp" peak and rapid decline in incidence
Definition
common-source
Term
introduction of an infected person into a susceptible population leads to transfer of the etiologic agent to others, who transfer it to many others
characterized by slow onset, "blunted" peak and slow decline in incidence
Definition
propagated
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