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MBB exam 3
MBB exam 3
79
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/03/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Attention
Definition
mental process of concentrating effort on a stimulus or event
Term
what are the two properties of attention
Definition
it is limited and is selective
Term
what are dividend attention tasks
Definition
perform 2 tasks at once
Term
what was the study done by Scaffer
Definition
to recite nursery rhymes while typing. It measured how much slower you're typing when your attention is divided
Term
attention is flexible how?
Definition
with practice it will improve
Term
how is a task automatic
Definition
if it occurs in parallel not serially, and it occurs outside consciousness
Term
how much more at risk are you when driving while talking on a phone
Definition
4 times higher
Term
what did Strayer and Drews and Johnston's results reveal?
Definition
While talking on the phone, it took greater distance to halt the car and also caused slower response to traffic signals
Term
what is the driving difference between driving and talking on the cell phone and driving drunk
Definition
Talking: delayed breaking, more accidents
Drinking: harder breaking, tailgating
Term
how does texting affect driving
Definition
longer braking duration, larger following distance
Term
what helps conserve attentional resources
Definition
automatic processing
Term
what are some selective attention tasks
Definition
dichotic listening, and responding to only one source
Term
how did Moray measure selective attention
Definition
he had words presented into subjects' unattended ear 35 times and the subject had poor recognition of them
Term
what was the early filter theory
Definition
physical--FILTER--meaning--awareness
Term
late filter theory
Definition
physical--meaning--FILTER--awareness
Term
movable filter theory
Definition
physical--FILTER--meaning--FILTER--awareness
Term
how did Johnston and Heinz prove movable filters
Definition
while listening to word lists they had to press a button when they saw a light appear
Term
change blindness
Definition
visual selective attention
Term
learning
Definition
a change in behavior due to expirience
Term
what was Pavlov famous for
Definition
the study of classical conditioning and dogs
Term
acquisition
Definition
phase when learning occurs, when a controlled stimulus comes to make a controlled reaction
Term
what is a use for classical conditioning
Definition
advertising
Term
are all stimuli =?
Definition
they differ in the degree to which they facilitate learning
Term
edward thorndike's law of effect
Definition
behaviors of desirable consequences are more likely to be repeated
Term
B.F. Skinner
Definition
behaviorist, elaborated thorndikes law of effect
Term
operant behavior
Definition
operates on environment
Term
reinforcer
Definition
any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
Term
punishment
Definition
any event that weakens the behavior it follows
Term
positive reinforcers
Definition
adding to something desirable
Term
negitive reinforcers
Definition
taking away undesired stimulus
Term
positive punishment
Definition
addition of an aversive stimulus
Term
negative punishment
Definition
taking away something desiarable
Term
encoding
Definition
getting the info in
Term
storage
Definition
keeping info in
Term
retrieval
Definition
getting info back out
Term
working memory
Definition
30 secs. long
Term
george miller's "magic number"
Definition
capacity +7/-2
Term
capacity limit is flexible when you
Definition
chunk
Term
phonological loop- 2 parts
Definition
phonological store: tape loop
subvocal rehearsal process: inner speech
Term
central executive
Definition
plan cognitive tasks, initiates retrieval and decision process, coordinates other systems
Term
What's the study by Nickerson and Adams
Definition
they had people view pennies and pick the right one
Term
it is easier to remember things linked to ________ _________
Definition
prior knowledge
Term
what is the similarity between encoding and retrieval conditions
Definition
physical state, and physical context
Term
godden and baddeley study
Definition
half learned on land and half in water
RESULT: people remembered more words when in the same context
Term
what's the theory of forgetting
Definition
decay--memory fades over time, interference, and retrieval failure
Term
decay theory
Definition
use it or loose it
Term
who tested decay theory
Definition
jenkins and dallenbach
Term
interference theory
Definition
other info in memory interferes with retrieval
Term
proactive
Definition
prior learning disrupts retrieval
Term
retroactive
Definition
new learning is going to disrupt old info
Term
retrieval failure
Definition
memory is lost in the system not from the system
Term
2 dimensions of memory
Definition
availibility: memory exists
accessibility: degree to which the memory can be retrieved
Term
memory is not...
Definition
a filing cabinet
Term
flashbulb memory
Definition
a clear memory of an emotionally significant event
Term
schemas
Definition
our general knowlege of the world
Term
what conditions are necessary to implant memories
Definition
plausibility, person has to form an image, source monitoring breakdown
Term
Amnesia
Definition
the loss of disturbance of memory
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
cannot remember events before brain damage
Term
anterograde amnesia
Definition
cannot later remember events that occur after brain damage
Term
temporal gradient
Definition
worse events that happen before the injury
Term
what are you unable to form with anterograde amnesia
Definition
you are inable to encode info into long term memory
Term
what are the key functions of the hippocampus
Definition
forming new memories, retrieving old ones, tying context to semantic facts, to create episodes
Term
context
Definition
details partaining to time
Term
semantics
Definition
facts independent of time
Term
priming
Definition
prior exposure to info can increase the likelihood of producing a response
Term
warrington and weiskrantz
Definition
priming in amnesics is intact
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
changes in response to a stimulus after repeated conditioned to unconditioned stimulus
Term
semantic memory
Definition
our organized knowledge about the world
Term
episodic memory
Definition
memory for personally expirienced events that occured in particular place at a specific time
Term
recollection
Definition
a memory that binds contextual details to time to create a coherent episode
Term
familiarity
Definition
a feeling of previous expirience in time often lacking in contextual details
Term
how is recollection and familiarity in the brain controversial
Definition
when you separate the two
Term
what is the hippocamous crucial for?
Definition
binding contextual details to time
Term
perirhinal cortext
Definition
may be crucial for feelings of familiarity
Term
amnesics
Definition
show inact familiarity, impared recollection
Term
who is the most famous amnesic
Definition
Henery Molaison
Term
medial temporal lobectomy
Definition
removal of the brain around the temporal lobe
Term
korsakoff's syndrome
Definition
caused by alcoholism,lower prefrontal activity
Term
what are the symptoms of korsakoff syndrome
Definition
severe amnesia, and confabulations
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