Term
| Some proteins can function as both repressors and transcription factors. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The nitrifying bacteria are mostly obligate chemoautotrophs capable of oxidizing ammonia or nitrite for energy. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The B. anthracis vaccine strain lacks a plasmid present in disease-causing B. anthracis strain |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Neutral mutations only occur in stretches of DNA encoding protein. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Heterocysts lose photosystem II and specific DNA sequences compared to vegetative cells. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A Sigma protein equivalent has not been identified in archaea or eukarya. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Riftia tube worms fix carbon for bacterial chemoautotroph symbionts who, in turn, provide ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from geothermal vents to the Riftia worms. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Since Hfr formation is reversible, every Hfr or F+ culture is a mixture of both |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Lichens form symbiotic reproductive structures known as soredium. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Many prokaryotic cells demonstrate positive chemotactic responses toward attractants. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Repressible prokaryotic gene regulation systems use effectors to start gene transcription |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| All flagellated chemotactic cells in a liquid medium move via run and tumble motion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Directed cell movement in response to light intensity is termed phototaxis. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Topoisomerase overwinds the archaeal chromosome into a positive supercoil. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Transformation is when DNA - released by a competent cell - is taken up by a donor cell. |
|
Definition
| False (released by donor cell, recipient cell) |
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|
Term
| Ectomycorrhizae produce haustauria, which penetrate through plant root cell walls - growing into the root cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first E.coli linkage map was created using Hfr conjugation and phage transduction. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An accurate molecular chronometer is universal, changes at a constant rate and is large enough for the changes in it to be statistically significant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specialized transduction can be used to understand the cis/trans nature of a regulatory region or protein. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In many symbioses the prokaryote partner provides fixed nitrogen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The RecA protein facilitates proper DNA recombination and repair. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles Darwin first proposed groups of organisms sharing similar features are related by descent from a common ancestor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catabolite repression is regulated by a repressor protein CRP. |
|
Definition
| False (regulated by transcription factor) |
|
|
Term
| Transformational competence is most prevalent at low cell density. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasmids encode essential prokaryotic cell functions. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Syntrophy is also known as interspecies hydrogen transfer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Continued prokaryotic gene expression requires continuous mRNA transcription. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three-point genetic crosses require triple-phenotype bacterial strains. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Planctomyces are a group of obligate, intracellular parasites. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endospores are highly durable bacterial reproductive structures. |
|
Definition
| False (survival structures) |
|
|
Term
| Transcription of a bacterial operon leads to a single mRNA and a single polyprotein, which is then cleaved into individually functional proteins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic metabolic processes return nutrients from the sea to the land. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rho-independent transcriptional termination requires formation of a stem-loop secondary structure in the developing mRNA coupled with a string of A-U base pairs for successful dissociation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transcription factors bind to DNA sequences adjacent weak promoters allowing RNA polymerase to recognize them. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic niches in marine or freshwater sediments are typically devoid of significant organic material, and therefore facilitate colonization by carbon and nitrogen fixing organisms only. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfate reducers dominate in marine sediments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antisense RNA anneals/binds to complementary mRNA sequences blocking transcription. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quorum sensing allows cells to begin production of certain compounds only upon reaching a certain size. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conjugation can transfer DNA from prokaryotic cells across great genetic distances. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spirochetes are characterized by their distinct helix or spiral morphological shape. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic genomes contain multiple transposons and insertion sequences. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic species are typically defined as a group of strains more similar to each other than to other strains. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Host legume symbiosome cells produce leghemoglobin molecules to maintain a low oxygen concentrations for Rhizobium bacteriods. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bacterial promoters with consensus base sequences from multiple bacterial promoters are considered ideal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deinococci are known for their extreme radiation and ultraviolet (UV) light resistance. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purple sulfur bacteria grown in stagnant, anoxic waters using organic sulfur for energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A group of transcriptional units controlled by the same regulatory protein(s) is called a regulon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic chromosomes are exclusively diploid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assimilatory nitrate reduction (nitrate to ammonia) is an exclusively prokaryotic process. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic genomes typically have 25-50 nucleotides between genes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Oxygen consumption in the animal intestinal tract is entirely due to facultative anaerobes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA polymerases in eukaryotic microbes have multiple subunit RNA polymerases with no sigma-like subunit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Planctomcyes are mostly unicellular budding bacteria associated with aquatic/marine environments. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most prokaryotic genomes are comprised of a pair of diploid, circular chromosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthermophilic bacteria have optimal growth temperatures between 45 and 60 degrees Celsius. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rarest recombination event occurs at the lowest frequency in a genetic cross. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The genes controlling conjugal plasmid transfer are normally expressed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most commonly used sequence for phylogeny construction is the 16s rRNA gene. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repressors and transcription factors sometimes bind at two distant sites forming a DNA loop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A modulon is group of operons controlled by the same global control system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic genes are always organized into operons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heterocysts lose photosystem II and undergo significant morphological differentiation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spirochetes are characterized by their periplasmic endoflagella. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transformation is likely the true horizontal gene transfer mechanism for prokaryotes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Competence factor is only produced and excreted by cells at a sufficiently high cell density. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lichens are a symbiois between a fungus and the root cells of an angiosperm plant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specialized transduction can produce partial diploids. (merozygotes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hfr strains mobilized large segments of the host chromosome to recipient cells at high frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recombination is a separate process from replication in a prokaryotic cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purple non-sulfur bacteria grow in stagnant, anoxic waters using hydrogen sulfide for energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plant root cells provide water, minerals and protection to the mycorrhizial symbionts. |
|
Definition
| False (mycorrhizial symbionts provide) |
|
|
Term
| Supercoiling is essential to pack the chromosome into a small volume. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The high viscosity of most bacterial environments results in little to no coasting when bacteria engage in a tumble. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gram positive bacteria use short peptides as autoinducer (AI) molecules. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When repellent concentration is decreasing tumbling frequency increases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carl Linneaus first proposed groups of organisms sharing similar features are related by descent from a common ancestor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbes unable to detoxify oxygen radicals would exhibit negative aerotaxis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transcriptional termination is the most common form of gene regulation in prokaryotes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic cells exclusively convert nitrates to N2 gas. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nitrifying bacteria are mostly obligate chemoautotrophs capable of reducing ammonia or nitrite for energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deinococci stain gram positive despite lacking peptidoglycan within their cell wall due to a thick protein S-layer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symbiotic relationships are dynamic - often depending on the condition of the host. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low internal glucose-6-P concentration generates high cAMP levels |
|
Definition
| True (Also true for high internal glucose-6-P conc generates low cAMP levels) |
|
|
Term
| Antisense RNA anneals/binds to complementary mRNA sequences, blocking translation and therefore protein production. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first E. coli linkage map was created using massively parallel DNA sequencing. |
|
Definition
| False (Hfr conjugation and phage transduction) |
|
|
Term
| Conjugal pili are only synthesized by cells harboring a prophage |
|
Definition
| False (harboring a transmissible plasmid) |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic metabolic processes are necessary to return vital nutrients from the land back to the sea. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic genomes experience frequent transposition events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbes unable to detoxify oxygen radicals would exhibit positive aerotaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Negative genetic control uses repressor proteins to turn off gene transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transcriptional termination is the most common form of gene regulation in prokaryotes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some prokaryotic genomes have multiple circular chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many prokaryotic cells demonstrate negative chemotactic responses away from repellents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The extensive secondary structure in 16S rRNA assists in sequence alignment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rho-independent transcriptional termination requires formation of a stem-loop secondary structure in the developing mRNA coupled with a GC-rich region of DNA for successful dissociation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Bacillus anthracis vaccine strain was developed by Louis Pasteur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More distant relationships are measured using DNA/RNA hybridization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strong promoters work best with operons requiring dynamic control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transformational competence is most prevalent at low cell density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neutral mutations in protein coding genes can change the amino acid sequence without changing protein function |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Free-swimming chemotactic bacteria power their transmembrane flagella motors with ATP. |
|
Definition
| False (chemiosmotic gradient) |
|
|
Term
| A group of transcriptional units controlled by the same regulatory protein is called an operon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hfr strains mobilized large segments of the host chromosome to recipient cells at high frequency |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The PatS oligopeptide is produced by the heterocyst at a constant rate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic transcriptional units are typically transcribed in the opposite direction the chromosome is replicated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antisense RNA anneals/binds to complementary DNA, disrupting polymerase assocation and terminating transcription. |
|
Definition
| FALSE (mRNA, blocking translation and therefore protein production) |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic transcription initiation is controlled by allosteric proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Odd numbers of crossovers between endo- and exogenotes result in recombinant chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaerobic ecosystems are maintained by microbial oxygen consumption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Purple non-sulfur bacteria are inhibited by high sulfide concentrations, they can appear orange, red, brown or purple and demonstrate phototaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An example of syntrophy is methanogens generating hydrogen gas used by the fermentative chemoautotrophs to oxidizing butyrate to acetate |
|
Definition
| FALSE (chemoheterotrophs) |
|
|
Term
| STARI is a red, expanding “bulls eye” lesion around a lone star tick bite caused by Borrelia burgdorferi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catabolite repression is the inhibitory effect of a preferred carbon and energy source on the induction of enzymes for the transport and metabolism of other carbon and energy sources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The genes controlling conjugal plasmid transfer are normally expressed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most lichens are comprised of a single fungus in symbiosis with a single phototrophic organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inducible prokaryotic operons under negative control have transcription factors requiring effector binding to induce transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
