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Math Words
for SAT practice
66
Mathematics
Not Applicable
09/03/2012

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Term
Abstract fractional equation
Definition
A fractional equation where all or most of the terms are different variables
Term
Additive Identity
Definition
Zero (since 0 + a = a)
Term
Additive inverse
Definition
for any number a, a + (-a) = 0
Term
Arithmetic Sequence
Definition
A sequence in which the difference between any two consecutive terms are the same
Term
Arithmetic Series
Definition
The sun of the terms of an arithmetic sequence
Term
Associate Property
Definition
For any real numbers a, b, and c:
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
and (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
Term
Axiom
Definition
a statement assumed to be true without proof
Term
Binomial
Definition
A quantity consisting of the sum or difference of two mononomials
Term
Coefficient
Definition
the numerical part of a term
Term
Eliminate Method
Definition
to eliminate one variable by adding equations
Term
Multiplication and Division of Exponents
Definition
Multiply by adding, divide by subtracting
Term
Factorial
Definition
if n is an integer greater than zero, the factorial of a positive integer n, denoted by n!, is the product (<-- multiplication) of all positive integers less than or equal to n.
Term
PEMDAS
Definition
Parentheses, exponents, multiply, division, addition, subtraction
Term
Weighted Average
Definition
instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others
Term
Combined Average
Definition
taking the average totals of a group of two or more and adding them together and dividing by the total of members
Term
Circle (equation)
Definition
(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2
Term
Composite functions
Definition
A combination of two functions, where you apply the first function and get an answer, and then fill that answer into the second function.
Term
Degree of Polynomial
Definition
The degree of the term in the polynomial that has the highest degree (the sum of the exponents of all the variables in that term). ie- x^2 + 2x +3 is second degree
Term
Discriminate
Definition
the value of b^2 - 4ac from ax^2 + bx + c = 0.
(part of the quadratic equation)
Term
Distance formula
Definition
for two points on a plane with coordinates (x,y) and (x^2, y^2) is d = √(x^2-x)^2 + (y^2 -y)^2
Term
Domain
Definition
a set of all first coordinates of the ordered pairs of a relation
Term
Domain of a Function
Definition
The complete set of possible values of the independent variable in the function/the set of all possible x values which will make the function work and will output real y values
Term
Ellipse equation
Definition
(x-h)^2 / a^2 + (y-k)^2 / b^2 = 1
Term
Empty set
Definition
a set that has no members, denoted by {}; also called a null set ø
Term
Equation of a line
Definition
Find the slope and y-intercept. Then the equation of the line can be written in the slope-intercept form; y=mx + b (m=slope, b=y-intercept) (y-intercept: where x = 0)
Term
Evaluate a Function
Definition
Insert a given x value, a number in the domain to see the result, which is a number in a range
Term
Graph transformation:
Basic function
Definition
y+x
Term
Graph transformation:
y=x^3 + 5
Definition
graph shifted up 5 units
Term
Graph transformation:
y=x^3 - 5
Definition
graph shifted down five units
Term
Graph transformation:
y=(x+5)^3
Definition
graph shifted left five units
Term
Graph transformation:
y=(x-5)^3
Definition
graph shifted right five units
Term
Graph transformation:
y=(-x)^3
Definition
graph reflected over y-axis
Term
Graph transformation:
y=-x^3
Definition
graph reflected over x-axis
Term
Total degrees of angles of a Polygon (equation)
Definition
(Number of sides - 2) x 180
Term
Hyperbola (equation)
Definition
(x-h)^2 / a^2 - (y-k)^2 / b^2 = 1
Term
Inclusive
Definition
includes the first and last elements
Term
Inconsistent equations
Definition
Equations with no common solution (like parallel lines)
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
separate probability questions that do not affect each other
Term
Intersection of sets
Definition
when two or more sets have the same elements in common
Term
Irrational number
Definition
a real number that can't be written as the ratio of two integers
Term
It's divisible by 3 if...
Definition
the digits add up to a multiple of 3
ex- 195
1+9+5=15
Term
It's divisible by 4 if...
Definition
the last two digits form a number divisible by 4
(ex- 132723487*32*)
Term
It's divisible by 5 if...
Definition
it ends with 5 or 0
Term
It's divisible by 6 if...
Definition
It's divisible by 2 AND 3
Term
It's divisible by 8 if...
Definition
The last three digits form a multiple of 8
ex- 46,352
352/8 = 44
Term
It's divisible by 9 if...
Definition
Its digits add up to a multiple of 9
ex- 785,214
7+8+5+2+1+4=27
Term
It's divisible by 10 if...
Definition
It ends in 0
Term
Like terms
Definition
monomials that differ from one another bu their coefficients
ex- 7x, 3x, 5x
Term
Linear equation
Definition
ax+by+c=0, a first degree polynomial equation in one or more variables
Term
Linear function
Definition
f(x) = mx+b where m and b are real numbers; to plot a point on a graph using (x,y), take x and separate it horizontally with the origin (0,0) and vertically separate y from points (x,y) and (0,0)
Term
Natural numbers
Definition
a set of numbers used to count things; also called positive integers
Term
Opposite numbers
Definition
the same distance from zero on a number line, only in the other direction

(3 & -3)
Term
Permutation
Definition
Arranging things in a certain order; the "counting method," where if a choice can be made in _a_ ways and a second choice in _b_ ways, then axb will be the answer
Term
Probability
Definition
ratio of number of desired outcomes and total number of outcomes in the sample space
Term
Chance
Definition
number of times a certain thing could happen or number of times any of the things could happen
Term
Pythagorean Theorem 3D
Definition
The same triangle facing a different way, but 3D. If we call the sides x, y, and z instad of a, b, and d, we get
x^2 + y^2 +z^2 = distance^2
Measure the x-coordinate [left/right distance], the y-coordinate [front/back distance], and the z-coordinate [up-down distance]. And now we can find the 3D distance to a point given its coordinates.
Term
Pythagorean Triple
Special Right Triangles
Definition
Consists of three numbers that can all be the lengths of the sides of a right triangle. Example: {3,4,5} is the same as 3^2 + 4^2 = 5^2
others:
1, 1, √2
1, √3, 2
5, 12, 13
9,12,15 ({3,4,5} x 3)
Term
Quadratic equation
Definition
three terms, one unknown, one raised to a power
ie- x^2+2x+7
Term
Quadratic Formula
Definition
For ax^2+bx+c=0,
x=-b±√b^2-4ac / 2a
Term
Range
Definition
the difference between the greatest and least values in a set of data
Term
Rationalizing
Definition
The process of eliminating radicals from the denominators

ie- 4/√2 x √2/√2 = 4√2/2 = 2√2
Term
Scatter Plot
Definition
A diagram using coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. It's displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis
Term
Scientific notations
Definition
A number in the form of ax10^n
where 1≤a≤10, and n is an integer
Term
Standard form
Definition
a quantity within an expression which is raised to the second power
Term
Union
Definition
a set consisting of al members of set A and set B
Term
Zero exponent
Definition
x^0=1 where x≠0
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