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MATH 20043 Exam 3
Math for Elementary Teachers, Chapters 9 & 10
76
Mathematics
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2010

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Term
Collinear Points
Definition
Three points that lie on the same line
Term
Non-collinear Points
Definition
Points that do not lie on the same line
Term
Concurrent Lines
Definition
Two or more lines are concurrent if there is exactly one point common to all of them
Term
Skew Lines
Definition
Nonintersecting, nonparallel lines not in a common plane
Term
Vertex
Definition
Common endpoint of two rays; an angle
Term
Straight Angle
Definition
180 degrees
Term
Acute Angle
Definition
Measures between 0 and 90 degrees
Term
Obtuse Angle
Definition
An angle between 90 and 180 degrees
Term
Interior of an Angle
Definition
Always less than 180 degrees
Term
Exterior of an Angle
Definition
Always greater than 180 degrees
Term
Conjugate Angles
Definition
2 angles whose measures add up to 360 degrees
Term
Adjacent/Consecutive Angles
Definition
Coplanar angles that have a common vertex and a common side and are disjoint (don't overlap)
Term
Supplementary Angles
Definition
2 angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees
Term
Complementary Angles
Definition
2 angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees
Term
Congruent Angles
Definition
2 angles with the same measure
Term
Vertical Angles
Definition
Pairs of nonadjacent angles formed by intersecting lines; are congruent
Term
Plane Curve
Definition
Set of points that can be drawn without lifting the pencil
Term
Simple Curve
Definition
A curve where no points overlap other points of the circle (except possibly the endpoints)
Term
Closed Curve
Definition
Drawn by starting and stopping at the same point
Term
Region
Definition
The union of a simple closed curve with its interior
Term
Convex Region
Definition
If a line segment joining any 2 points in the region is itself also in the region
Term
Concave Region
Definition
Not convex
Term
Radius
Definition
From the center of the circle to a point on one of its sides
Term
Tangent Line
Definition
A line in the plane of the circle that contains exactly one point of the circle (intersects the circle in exactly one point)
Term
Secant Line
Definition
A line in the plane of the circle line that intersects the circle and is NOT tangent to the circle
Term
Chord
Definition
The segment of a secant joining the 2 points of intersection with the cirlce
Term
Diameter
Definition
A chord that contains the center of the circle (twice the length of the radius)
Term
Polygon
Definition
A simple closed curve that is the union of 3 or more coplanar, distinct line segments (called the sides) (the endpoints of the line segments are called Vertices)
Term
Diagonals of a Polygon
Definition
The line segments joining nonadjacent vertices
Term
Heptagon
Definition
7 sided figure
Term
Nonagon
Definition
9 sided figure
Term
Decagon
Definition
10 sided figure
Term
Regular polygon
Definition
A simple, convex closed curve with all sides of equal length and all angles of equal measure
Term
Congruent Polygons
Definition
Have the same size and shape
Term
Tessellation
Definition
A complete covering of a plane by shapes in a repeating pattern, without gaps or overlap
Term
Central Angle of a Polygon
Definition
An angle whose vertex is the center of the polygon and whose sides go through adjacent vertices of the polygon
Term
Simple Closed Surface
Definition
Instead of being in a plane is in a space. Has no holes, and separates space into 3 disjoint sets of points--the interior, the exterior, and the surface itself
Term
Solid
Definition
The union of the surface and its interior
Term
Polyhedron
Definition
A simple closed in space whose boundary is composed of polygonal regions, called the faces of the polyhedron
Term
Prism
Definition
A polyhedron formed by 2 congruent polygonal regions in parallel planes, along with 3 or more regions bounded by parallelograms joining the 2 polygons to form a closed surface. The polygonal regions are called the bases, the parallelograms are called the lateral faces. The parallel edges joining the bases are called lateral edges.
Term
Right Prism
Definition
A prism whose lateral faces are rectangles and whose planes containing the lateral faces are perpendicular to the planes containing the bases. If a prism is not a right prism, it is an Oblique prism.
Term
Pyramid
Definition
A polyhedron formed by a simple closed polygonal region (the base), a point not in the plane of the region (the apex), and the triangular regions joining the point and the sides of the polygon.
Term
Regular Pyramid
Definition
A pyramid whose base is a regular polygon and whose lateral faces are all congruent triangles
Term
Altitude
Definition
The perpendicular segment from the apex to the base of a pyramid (or cone)
Term
Regular Polyhedron
Definition
If the faces of a convex polyhedron are congruent regular polygonal regions, and if each vertex is the intersection of the same number of edges, the polyhedron is regular.
Term
Euler's Formula
Definition
Let V= the number of vertices, E= the number of edges, and F= the number of faces of any polyhedron. V + F - E = 2
Term
Dihedral Angle
Definition
The union of 2 noncoplanar half planes and the line of intersection (the line forming the common edge)
Term
Sphere
Definition
The set of all points in space at a given distance from a fixed point. Center = the fixed point. Radius = a line segment from the center to any point on the surface of the sphere.
Term
Cylinder
Definition
Is formed by 2 congruent regions (the bases) bounded by simple closed plane curves in parallel planes, connected by a lateral surface that rises from one base to the other. The bases of a circular cylinder are 2 congruent circles. The lateral surface of a right cylinder is perpendicular to its base.
Term
Cone
Definition
Formed by the union of a simple closed curve (the base) and a lateral surface that slopes to a single point called the vertex or apex of the cone. The base of a circular cone is the circle. The vertex of a right circular cone is directly above the center of the base.
Term
Line of Symmetry
Definition
A line of reflection through a figure. It maps half of the image onto the other half. This is also called reflection (plane) symmetry.
Term
Rotational Symmetry
Definition
Has a central point of symmetry. If a figure has a rotational symmetry, we can rotate the figure less than a full turn about that point and have the original figure in the original position.
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount of space occupied by an object
Term
Capacity
Definition
The amount that can be contained by an object
Term
Mass
Definition
The measure of the quantity of matter
Term
Weight
Definition
The measure of how heavy something is. Caused by the force of gravity pulling down upon an object.
Term
1 inch = ?? centimeters
Definition
2.54 centimeters
Term
1 quarts = ?? Liters
Definition
1 Liter
Term
1 mile = ?? kilometers
Definition
1.6 kilometers
Term
1 kilogram = ?? pounds
Definition
2.2 pounds
Term
1 centimeter = ?? millimeters
Definition
10 millimeters
Term
1 meter = ?? centimeters
Definition
100 centimeters
Term
1 kilometer = ?? meters
Definition
1000 meters
Term
1 cup = ?? ounces
Definition
8 ounces
Term
1 pint = ?? cups
Definition
2 cups
Term
1 quart = ?? pints
Definition
2 pints
Term
1 gallon = ?? quarts
Definition
4 quarts
Term
1 tablespoon = ?? teaspoons
Definition
3 teaspoons
Term
1 cup = ?? tablespoons
Definition
16 tablespoons
Term
1 pound = ?? ounces
Definition
16 ounces
Term
1 ton = ?? pounds
Definition
2000 pounds
Term
Circumference
Definition
The perimeter of a circle. C=2 pi r
Term
Altitude / Height
Definition
The perpendicular segment from any vertex to a line that contains the opposite side
Term
Area of a Circle
Definition
A = pi r squared
Term
Temperature (C)
Definition
C = (F - 32) x 5/9
Term
Temperature (F)
Definition
F = C x 9/5 + 32
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