Term
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Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| segments of DNA that contain information needed to make protein |
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Term
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Definition
| Complete copy of the genetic material of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Threadlike packages of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| 23 pairs of MATCHED chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| nonsex chromosomes that are common to both males and females. 22 pairs of chromosomes are autosomes. The remaining pair is teh sex chromosome that determines gender. |
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Term
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Definition
| female chromosome (larger) |
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Term
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Definition
| male chromosome (smaller) |
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Term
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Definition
| if the gene pairs are identical |
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Term
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Definition
| if the gene pairs are different. |
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Term
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Definition
| The genetic makeup of an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| The observable expression of a genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Turner syndrome (one X is missing). |
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Term
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Definition
| Klinefelter syndrome (extra X) |
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Term
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Definition
| spontaneous, permanent change in normal gene structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parent with autosomal recessive disorder, 25% risk of passing it on to each offspring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of cell division that leads to the development of sperm or ova, each containing a haploid (half) number of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of formation of two identical cells that are exactly the same as original cell and have a diploid (normal) number of chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the zygote has 16 cells at about day 3 or 4 of fertilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| The morula becomes a blastocyst and contains an inner mass of cells called the embryoblast. |
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Term
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Definition
| implantation of teh fertilized ovum into the endometrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by trophoblast cells; small non-vascular process that absorb nutritive materials for growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed by spurts of maternal blood that form hollows around chorionic villi. Reservoirs of blood supply the developing fetus with oxygen and nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| thick membrane tha forms the amniotic sac that surrounds the embryo and fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation and devleopment of red blood cells. Occurs at about the third week. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized connective tissue that surrounds the two arteries and one vein in teh umbilical cord and protects it from compression. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vascular channelnects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. Way in which blood enters the superior vena cava in fetal circulation (bypasses the liver). |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening in septum between R and L atrium. Closes after birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vascular channel between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta (bypasses the lungs). |
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Term
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Definition
| The thick, outer embryonic membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fluid filled sac that surrounds the embryo/fetus. Barrier of protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fine, downy hair that covers the fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the developing cells are called up until 8 weeks gestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the embryo is called after 8 weeks gestation. |
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Term
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Definition
| At 4 weeks gestation. Will form the CNS and neural crest (which will become the PNS). |
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Term
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Definition
| Malformation that involves defects in teh skull and spinal column and is primarily caused by failure of the neural tube to clse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weeks 17-20. Maternal awareness of fetal movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weeks 17-20. Thick, cheese-like material that covers fetus' skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weeks 17-20. Used by the newborn for heat production. helps make the skin less transparent in appearance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weeks 21-25. Secreted by fetus' lungs to decrease surface tension in the alveoli and necessary for survival following birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of agents that can infect the fetus or newborn: Toxoplasmosis, Other infections, Rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex virus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Birth defects; structural abnormalities present at birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alteration in embryonic development caused by genetic transmission, chromosomal abnormalities, environmental factors, and multifactorial/unknown causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical alterations in form, shape, or position that are caused by extrinsic mechanical factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal development of tissue cuased by abnormal organization of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| trisomy 21; risk for increases with maternal age. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of a portion of DNA from a chromsome. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when all or a segment of one chromosome breaks off adn attaches to some or different chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| identical twins. zygote divided into equal halves during early cleavage phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| fraternal twins. Developed from two zygotes and ma be the same or different genders. |
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Term
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Definition
| photomicrograph of the chromosomes of a single cell and arranged in numerical order. |
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