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Maternal-Child Nursing Care
Vocab from Chapter 13
20
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/22/2010

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Term
Visceral Pain
Definition
predominant discomfort experienced during the first stage of labor related to changes in the cervix, distention of the lower uterine segment, and uterine ischemia. It is slow, deep, poorly localized pain that occurs over the lower abdomen. Usually a dull, aching pain.
Term
Referred Pain
Definition
pain that originates in uterus and then radiates to the abdominal wall, lumbosacral are of the bac, iliac crests, gluteus maximus, and down the thighs. Usually only felt with contractions but not always.
Term
Somatic Pain
Definition
faster, well localized intense, sharp, burngn, prickling pain, occurs drign the second stage of labor. Associated with stretching and distention of the perineal body to allow for birth. Also related to distention and traction placed on the peritoneum and uterocervical supportive tissue during contractions and can result from soft tissue lacerations that frequently occur in the cervix, vagina, or perineum. Also felt during "pushing" stage of labor.
Term
Endorphins
Definition
endogenous opioids secreted by pituitary glad. Act as opiates and produce analgesia by binding at opiate receptor sites involved in pain perception.
Term
Gate-Control Theory of pain control
Definition
pain sensations travel along sensory nerve pathways to the brain--but only a certain number of sensations can pass through the nerve pathways at one time. Methods of distraction during labor/delivery can block the capacity of the nerve pathways to transmit pain.
Term
Effleurage
Definition
"To touch lightly." A gentle stroking technique performed in rhythm with contractions. Massage the abdomen using light circular motions.
Term
Counterpressure
Definition
Labor support person's fist or heel of the hand to apply steady pressure to te sacral area. Especially helpful for back labor.
Term
Therapeutic Touch
Definition
Based on the use of "prana," or the body's energy fields. Laying-on of hands technique to redirect energy fields thought to be associated with the pain.
Term
Healing Touch
Definition
Also based on use of body's energy fields. Employs a combination of techniques from multiple disciplines. Enhances the body's ability to heal itself.
Term
Hydrotherapy
Definition
Water therapy. Warm water for comfort and relaxation.
Term
Hypnotherapy
Definition
A structured technique that enables the patietn to achieve a state of heightened awareness adn focused concentration that can be used to alter the perception of pain.
Term
Aromatherapy
Definition
The use of essential oils whose aroma is thought to have a therapeutic effect in treating illnesses and promoting health and well-being.
Term
Biofeedback
Definition
Based on the concept that the mind controls he body: if one can recognize the physical signals, certain internal physiological events can be changed.
Term
TENS
Definition
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied to skin over painful region of a peripheral nerve. TENS relieves pain by producing counterirritation on the nociceptors.
Term
Accupressure
Definition
"chinese massage." application of pressure, or heat or cold, to identified acupuncture points to decrease sensation of pain.
Term
Acupuncture
Definition
Based on the theory that illness results from an imbalance of energy. Involves insertion of fine, sterile, stainless steel needles into specific points in the body to control the flow of "chi," or life energy.
Term
Analgesia
Definition
relief, to some degree, of pain
Term
Anesthesia
Definition
Partial or complete loss of sensation without the loss of consciousness.
Term
Regional Anesthesia
Definition
temporary and reversible loss of sensation produced by injection of an anesthetic agent (a local anesthetic) into an area that brings medication into direct contact with nervous tissue.
Term
Pressure Anesthesia
Definition
Natural numbing effect caused by pressureof the fetal head against the woman's stretched perineum.
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