Term
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Definition
Powers (physiological forces)
Passageway (maternal pelvis)
Passenger (fetus and placenta)
Passageway + Passenger and their relationship (engagement, attitude, position)
Psychosocial influences (previous experiences, emotional status) |
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Definition
| the reduction in uterine size after birth |
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Definition
| Building of the contraction |
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Definition
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Definition
| decrease in the contraction |
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| Frequency (of a contraction) |
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Definition
| measured from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction. |
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| Duration (of contraction) |
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Definition
| measured from the start of one contraction to the end of the same contraction |
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| Intensity (of contraction) |
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Definition
| measured by uterine palpation and is described as mild, moderate, or strong. |
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Definition
| a pressure sensitive device that is applied against the uterine fundus. The pressure exerted by the contraction exerted against the "toco" is recorded on graph paper. |
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Definition
| the process of shortening and thinning of the cervix |
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Definition
| the opening and enlargement of the cervix that progressively occurs throughout the first stage of labor. Full dilation is 10 cm referred to as "complete." |
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Definition
| the overlapping or overriding of the cranial bones of the fetus in response to the powers of labor. |
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Definition
| the cranial bones of the fetus are not fused and meet at sutures, strong but flexible connective tissue |
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Definition
| Two membrane-filled spaces that are present where the suture lines meet. Referred to as the anterior and posterior fontanels. Anterior fontanel is larger. |
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Definition
| refers to the relationship of the long axis of the woman to the long axis of the fetus. |
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Definition
| When the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is the same as the woman's. Affects more than 99% of pregnancies. |
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Term
| Transverse (horizontal) Lie |
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Definition
| If the head to tailbone axis of the fetus is at a 90-degree angle to the woman. affects about 1% of pregnancies. |
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Definition
| At any angle between the longitudinal and transverse. |
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Definition
| Refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvic inlet and leads through the birth canal during labor. May be cephalic, breech, or shoulder. |
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Definition
| Refers to the part of the fetal body felt first by the examining finger during a vaginal exam. It is determined by the fetal lie and attitude. |
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Definition
| fetal head is presenting part |
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Term
| Vertex Presentation (Cephalic presentation) |
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Definition
| The fetal head is fully flexed. Most frequent and optimal presentation. |
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Term
| Military Presentation (Cephalic) |
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Definition
| The fetal head presents in a neutral position, which is neither flexed nor extended. |
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Term
| Brow Presentation (Cephalic) |
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Definition
| The fetal head is primarily extended. This is an unstable presentation that converts to a vertex if the head flexes or to a face presentation if the head extends. |
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| Face Presentation (Cephalic) |
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Definition
| the fetal head is fully extended and the occiput is near the fetal spine. |
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Definition
| occurs when the fetal buttocks enter the maternal pelvis first. Approx. 3% of births. More likely in preterm births or in the presence of a fetal abnormality or abnormalities in the maternal uterus or pelvis. |
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Definition
| Most common breech position. Fetal Legs are completely extended up toward the fetal shoulders, hips are flexed, knees extended. |
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Definition
| Essentially the same as Frank breech except the legs are typically flexed. The exact opposite position of a common cephalic presentation. |
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Definition
| One or both fetal leg(s) are extended with one foot ("single footling") or both feet ("Double footling") presenting into the maternal pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| engagement is said to have occured when the widest part of the fetal presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet. |
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Definition
| Refers to the level of the presenting part in relationship to the maternal ischial spines (the narrowest diameter through which the fetus must pass). When the presenting part lies above the maternal spines it is a minus station. When it is below the maternal spines it is a positive station. When it is at the maternal spines it is a zero station. |
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Definition
| Refers to the location of a fixed reference point on the fetal presenting part in relation to a specific quadrant of the maternal pelvis. The presenting part can be right anterior, left anterior, right posterior, and left posterior. |
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Definition
| The process that occurs at about 38 weeks gestation when the fetal presenting part settles in to the maternal pelvis causing the uterus to move downwards as well; marks the beginning of engagement. |
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Definition
| Braxton-Hicks contractions that do not lead to dilation or effacement of the cervix. |
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| Th expulsion of a blood-tinged mucus plug caused by the added pressure created by engagement of the presenting part. |
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Definition
| The artificial rupture of membranes by the primary care provider. |
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Definition
| a trained, professional labor support person |
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Definition
| First phase of the first stage of labor. Characterized by the establishment of regular contractions (labor pains). Contractions during this phase are about 5 minutes apart and last about 30-45 seconds and are considered to be mild. Cervical dilation from 0-3 cm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second phase of the first stage of labor. Characterized by more active contractions about 3-5 minutes apart and lasting 60 seconds. Cervical dilation from 4-8 cm. Nulliparous women usually progress at a rate of 1 cm an hour; Multiparous women progress at about 1.5 cm an hour. (.... yeah right...) |
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Definition
| Third phase of the first stage of labor. The most intense phase of labor. Characterized by frequent, strong contractions that occur about every 2-3 minutes and last about 60-90 seconds. Cervical dilation from 8 cm to complete. |
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Term
| Baseline Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) |
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Definition
| The average fetal heart rate observed between contractions over a 10-minute period. Usually about 110-160 bpm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally defined as a sustained baseline FHR greater than 160 bpm for a duration of 10 minutes or longer. Can be caused by fetal hypoxia, maternal fever, Maternal medications, infection, fetal anemia, maternal hyperthyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| FHR less than 110-120 bpm for 10 minutes or longer. Can be caused by: Late hypoxia, medications, maternal hypotension, prolonged umbilical cord compression, bradyarrhythmias (can be as low as 70-90 bpm) |
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Definition
| manifest by fluctuations in the baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) observed on teh fetal monitor. The pattern denotes irregular, changing FHR rather than a straight line that indicates few changes in the rate. |
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Definition
| defined as an increase in the FHR of 15 bpm above FHR baseline that lasts for 15-30 seconds (15x15). A sign of fetal well-being when they accompany fetal movement. |
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Definition
| Defined as any decrease in FHR below the FHR baseline. Further defined according to their onset and characterized as early, late, or variable. |
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Definition
| An umbilical cord that is wrapped tightly around the fetal neck and progressively becomes more compressed as the fetus descends into the maternal pelvis. Results in longer, more severe decelerations. |
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Term
| Uteroplacental insufficiency |
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Definition
| Late decelerations indicate the presence of uteroplacental insufficiency, a decline in placental function. Decreased blood flow form the uterus to the placenta results in fetal hypoxia and late decelerations. |
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Definition
| when the fetal head is encircled by the vaginal introitus and indicates that birth is imminent. |
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Definition
| The mechanisms of labor; describe how the fetus (in a vertex presentation) passes through the birth canal and the positional changes required to facilitate birth. |
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Term
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Definition
The progression of the fetal head into the maternal pelvis. Four forces facilitate descent:
1) Pressure of amniotic fluid
2) Direct pressure of uterine fundus on the fetal breech.
3) Contraction of maternal abdominal muscles
4) Extension or straightening of the fetal body. |
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Term
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Definition
| "shiny Shultze." occurs when the placenta separates from teh inside to the outer margins with the shiny, fetal side of the placenta presenting first. The most common method of placental expulsion. |
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Definition
| occurs when the placenta separates from the outer margins inward, rolls up, and presents sideways. Since the placental surface is rough, the Duncan mechanism is called "dirty Duncan." |
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Definition
| The nurse assesses the newborn at 1 and 5 minutes and evaluates the five signs of newborn cardiopulmonary adaptation and neuromuscular function; HR, Respirator effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyanosis of the newborn extremities. Normal 1 minute Apgar check. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bloody vaginal discharge after delivery. Can last 2-6 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| first lochia, bright red. |
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