Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Maternal and Child Health Infections
N/A
37
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
02/11/2010

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Cards

Term
What is Listeriosis?
Definition
-Apotentially fatal foodborne bacterial illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes.
Term
How is Listeriosis usually manifested?
Definition
As septicemia and/or meningoencephalitis in newboarns and adults, and fever and abortion in pregnant women.
Term
Is Listeriosis treatable?
Definition
Yes it is treatable with anitbiotics if diagnosed in time.
Term
Who are at the highest risk for Listeriosis?
Definition
*neonates, the elderly, immunocompromised persons, and pregnant women.
Term
What is the incubation period for Listeriosis?
Definition
it is variable (3-70 days)
Term
Where is Listeriosis principally found?
Definition

In areas with poor sanitation, and in soil, water, and forage.

-Other reservoirs include infected domestic and wild animals, fowl, and people.

Term
What are some foods that are a risk factor for Listeriosis?
Definition
Unpastuerized dairy products, cheese..milk.
Term
How is Listeriosis killed?
Definition
It is killed by pasteurization and other heating procedures used to prepare dairy products and ready-to-eat processed meals.
Term
What should pregnant women and the immunocompromised do to avoid Listeriosis?
Definition

Avoid softe cheeses such as Brie, Camembert, and Mexican style cheeses.

-They should also cook until steaming hot, leftover foods and meats and pasteurized dairy products, and avoid all contact with farm animals.

-Wash all raw vegetables and avoid the used of untreated animal manure on crops.

Term
What is Toxoplasmosis?
Definition

-A zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma gondii of cats transmitted via fecal contamination (contact or airborn) of oocysts from litter boxes sandboxes.

-Also from eating raw or undercooked meant containing tissue cysts.

Term
What may a primary infection during pregnancy lead to?
Definition

May lead to fetal infection, with death of the fetus or chorioretinitis, brain damage, or convulsions at birth.

(most infants won't have symptoms at birth but will develop symptoms later in life.)

Term
High prevalence of infection in France and Cental American related to?
Definition

France-eating raw or undercooked meat

Central America-the frequency of stray cats in a climate favoring survival of oocysts.

Term
Treatment of Toxoplasmosis
Definition
-Treatment is not routinely indicated for a healthy immunocompetent host, except in an intitial infection during pregnancy or the presence of active chorioretinitis, myocarditis or other organ involvement.
Term
who are most at risk for toxoplasmosis?
Definition

-Infants born to mothers who became infected with toxoplasma for the first time during or just before pregnancy.

-Persons with severly weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those takeing certain types of chemotherapy, and those who have recently received an organ transplant.

Term
Preventative measures for toxoplasmosis?
Definition

-Cook all meat to 150 degrees F before eating.

-Avoid cleaning litter boxes and contact with unknown cats. (preferably remove cat from house during pregnancy)

-wear gloves when gardening

-wash hands thotoughly before eating.

Term
What is intestinal (infant) botulism?
Definition
-A foodborne illness due to the ingestion of spores from the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum.
Term
What happens when you ingest the botullinum bacterium?
Definition
Ingested spores colonize the gut and begin producing a potent neurotoxin.
Term
What are the symptoms for botulism?
Definition
Begin with constipation, folllowed by lethargy, listlessness, poor feeding, difficulty swallowing, loss of head control, generalized wekaness (floppy baby) and in some cases, respiratory insufficiency and arrest.
Term
Once diagnosed with botulism what are babies given?
Definition
Botulinum Immune globulin (BIG) to neutralize the toxin.
Term
For infants one source of botulism is _____
Definition
honey.  Infants less than 12 months of age should not be given honey.
Term
What is Rotavirus Disease caused be?
Definition
Reovirus
Term
What disease is the leading cause of severe diarrheal disease and dehydration of infants on a global basis.
Definition
Rotavirus
Term
when does Rotavirus disease most commonly occur? what age?
Definition
between 3 months and 2 years of age.
Term
what is the incubation period for rotavirus?
Definition
2 days
Term
What is rotavirus characterized by?
Definition
vomiting, fever, and watery diarrhea
Term
therapy for rotavirus?
Definition
oral rehydration
Term
Is there a vaccine for rotavirus?
Definition
Yes, a new live vaccine.
Term
What is the primary mode of transmission for rotavirus?
Definition
fecal-oral
Term
when do annual epidemics occur for rotavirus?
Definition
from nov from april.
Term
prevention and control of rotavirus?
Definition

-immunize (3 dose schedule)

-prevent exposre of infants to those with acute gastroenteritits in family and institutional settings through high level sanitary practices.

-breastfeeding may reduce the severity of the illness.

Term
What is rubella also know as?
Definition
German measles
Term
what is rubella caused by?
Definition
A virus, spread person to person by nasophayngeal secreations through contact or air.
Term
Infection of rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to:
Definition
fetal death, premature delivery, deafness, eye defects, heart defects, and mental retardation.
Term
When does Congenital Rubella syndrome occur?
Definition

When the rubella virus attakcs a developing fetus.

-up to 85% of infants affected during 1st trimester will have some type of birth defect.

Term
rubella what are the symptoms?
Definition
A rash appears that may look similar to other rashes.
Term
When is rubella most contagious?
Definition
when the rash is erupting.
Term
Is there a cure for rubell?
Definition

no cure, only supportive treatment.

but there is a vaccine!!!! the MMR:)

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