all 6 joints

name them

rubber

what is it?

adv.

disadv.

-a flooring material made from recycled/recyclable tires

-composed of styrene butadiene, fine mineral aggregate, stabilizers, pigment, and wax

adv: recyclable, slip resistant, most do not off gas toxic VOC's, absorbs sound well-acoustical, cushions your feet, easy maintance, can be repaired in patches, life expectancy 20+ years, can be made into durable tile and sheets

dis: can degrade with oil, easily scuffs making buffing a regular requirement, bad for walk off traffic

Cork

-what is it?

adv.

disadv.

-harvested from the outer bark of the cork oak tree--taking cork doesn't harm the plant in manufactoring

-used as a resilient flooring material mainly

-can be finished or unfinished

adv: acoustical,lightweight, water resistant, thermal insulating, scratch and dent resistant, flame resistant, slip resistant, absorbs moisture, life span 50+ years, down cycling with cork, recovers from compression, cheap like rubber, very thermal, durable--but needs to have a treatment of a sealant coat

dis: can expand and contract when exposed to dramatic temp. changes, fading will occur if exposed to UV light over time,  stains and pigments can't fully penetrate the impermeable material, very soft, can't repair easily as rubber, more maintance-usually strip and waxing it, better to be used with acoutsical/vinyl layers---especially with foot traffic,not a local/regional material

bamboo

-adv.

-disadv.

-its a grass not a wood

**not a resilient flooring material***

-rapidly renewable and harvested after 3 years

-grows quickly

adv:

-available in over 1000 species and with in both strips and laminated planks

-variety of thickness and colors

-can be used in a # of applications like cork can

-really hard and sturdy material

can be re-surfaced like hard wood,life cycle =7-9 years, works like cork in terms of repairs

dis: uses possible urea-based adhesives in laminating/instualltion process, not regional to us market-shipping costs $$$$$$$$, very soft, although durable considered susceptible to moisture, easily scratched, dry environments can cause bamboo to crack and shrink, exposure to sunlight will darken finish

resilient flooring --TYPES INCLUDE:

CORK

LINOLEUM

RUBBER

LEATHER

COMPOSITE FLOOR TILES

VINYL COMPOSITION TILES (VCT'S)

• a flooring type and assemblt that has a firm surface, yet has a give and bounce back from the weight or impact of objects that compress its surface
• durable
• USES: HOSPITALS, SCHOOLS, LABS, STORAGE ROOMS, KITCHENS, LAUNDRY ROOMS
• reistant to stains and water
• comfortable to stand and walk on
•  asphalt tile was an early form of this material type--used asbestos in production-later banned due to sickness it caused people

many different varities --made from wool, nylon, yarns, etc

continous product cover a broad base

diff. carpets are classified by the fiber type, density of pile, aesthetic, method of construction, backing materials, etc.

overall characteristics: very acoustical, durable, if in carpet tile form-easy to be replaced and maintained, can be cut in many directions with out any fraying due to how its made, dirt can be kept out, sealers are recommended to use

• comes in two forms-broadloom or in modular squares-carpet tiles
• available in synthetic and nylon fibers
• can be dyed and constructed a numerous # of ways 

what to consider when thinking about stones and tile???

(MEES field trip stuff)

1. consider the area being tiled or stoned
2. how is the traffic in that area?
3. what about the slip resistance-- is it a concern?
4.  indoors or outdoor area?
5. size of area 

tile ratings categories

(there are 5)

1. residential
2. residental walls, floors, commerical walls and floors
3. commerical walls, residential floors
4. all residential walls, floors, most commercial walls and floors
5. all residential and commercial and instutitonal floor and walls

adv: cost effective and economical, durable, impervivous to water, resists stains, low maintenance, easily cleaned and disinfected, can withstand high foot traffic, available in many colors and patterns 

dis: thin and flexible, unevenness in subfloor with telegraph through, transitions must be considered, thinner than most materials, if water leaks to subsurface then instillation will be ruined.

• composite material that comes from a natural plant
• the plant contains linseed oil, resin from confir trees, chalk and wood floor, ground limestone, and pigments
• doesn't emit harmful dioxins when burned 

adv: from renewable materials, can be shredded and used as compost as long as pigments don't contain heavy metals, biodegradable, durable, inlaid, tile and sheets--can be cut to design patterns, color is through-body

VCT

vinyl composition tiles

• a synthetic product made of chlorinated petrochemicals.. made by layering material(core vinyl over backing of felt)

adv: durable and long lasting, resists staining and tearing, flame retardant, mold resistant, cheap

dis: poor sound absorption, issues with harmful affects of pvc, can shrink over time

above grade

at grade

below grade

diagram

subfloor and underlayment

underlayment--sits underneath flooring

subfloor--underneath the underlayment... usually plywood or cement board

laminated snap in place floor product that separated the flooring from the assembly.

allows for expansion and contraction to occur with out differential movement

deformation of a material or assembly of materials

-happens over a long period of time under the pressure of a uniform load

coefficient of friction

(COF)

PSI

pounds per square inch

measure of resilient flooring materials ability to withstand static loads

also used to measure the mateials abilityu to return to its orginial shape

an enclosed exit stairway

--the purpose is to help ppl safely move out of a building in an emergency

green guard environmental institute

(GEI)

certifies products and materials for low chemical emissions

provides resources for healthier products

engineered or natural material (assembly) that is made up of two or more components

--each component is district from one another and bonded together

ex: vinyl, plywood

thin-set

(refers to ceramic tile and stone installation)

cement based mortar/adhesice used for bonding glass, stone or ceramic tile

about 1/8" thick usually

• agglomerate material composed of  marble, quartz, onyx, or glassy chips combined with a epoxy resin or polyester resin-- all poured into a monolithic cast flooring system.. 
• (easy terms)--flooring/topping material made up of small chips of stone, glass, etc and then set in a hard binding material
  +then grouted over
• can be made into precast tiles
• resin can be changed

adv: high level of post and pre consumer recycled content, durable, water and heat resistant, impenetrable to moisture, low maintance, long life cycle

disadv: $$$$$$, rigid and susceptible to cracking if subfloor is not even,  slippery when wet

see with the naked eye

properties can be evaluated --such as length, diameter, color, shape, drape, luste, etc

(sensory experiences)

determine how the fiber/product will react when exposed to substances

--cleaning products

from plants, animals, and mineral sources

with in environement

man made

artifically created in the lab--delievered from natural or synthetic materials

1. cellulosic-cotton, flex,jute, hemp
2. protein-silk, wool, cashmere, mohair
3. mineral-metals such as gold, silver
4. rubber-rubber

1. cellulosic-rayon, acetate, azlon
2. special application synthetic-carbon, lastrile, novoloid
3. synthetic-arcylic, nylon,polyester, spandex
4. inorganic fibers-glass, metallic, ceramic 

from the fruit of the cotton plant

soft and comfortable

staple lenght 1/2"-2"

absorbs water and rich colors

resistant to abrasion and sunlight

biodgradable

not very sustainable

types: organic, green, transition

staple and filament fiber types

are all naural materials filaments???

not all natural materials are filaments

the only execption is silk

Linen and Bast family

-process

-origin

comes from a flax plant

wrinkles!

resistant to solvent, high temp, acids

naturally tan and gray in color-can be bleached

process: retting--unusable pulpy parts are rotted away and the stiff parallel fibers are extracted wet/dry with chemical or bacteria, scuthching-- crushes the outer covering passed btwn  metal rollers,  hackling-- short fibers are removed-like combing, spinning-- combining fibers into yarns

• grass--woven for mats and wall covering
• pina(pineapple)-bedding
• abaca-banana family--wall covers, rope, mats
• sisal--floor covers, carpets mats
• raffia--wall covers
• bamboo--beddings
• rattan--furniture
• cane ---window blinds and screens

wool

(4 types)

1. virgin-new fiber that hasn't been processed
2. reprocessed- unused scrap fiber + fabric accumulated
3. reclaimed, recycled, reused-from used wool fabric
4. felt-produced from felt fibers that are not woven or spun into yarns 

1. shearing----removal of wool from sheep by cutting
2. scouring----washing the wool to remove the dirt and grime
3. carding----combing the wool to align the fiber
4. skirting--- sorting +classifying the wool according to color, length and type and removing interior

wool manufactored  process

felting 

process where wool fabrics are compressed as heat, moisture, friction, and pressure are applied

--- yurts  and bean bag chairs are ex:

silk types

(4)

• wild silk---form wild silkworms.. fiber colored yellow, orange, brown
• tussah silk-- coarse, darker, wild silk can't be bleached
• dupioni silk -- resulting from two silkworms spin their cocoons together-yarns in irregular diameter with  a thick/thin appearane
• silk noils---silk produced after the moths have broken out  from the cocoon--stable fibers 

wholesalers buy products from

showrooms have/display products....

wholesalers buy fabrics from mills, adopt fabrics into a line, samples and resells fabrics to customers

showrooms feature the lines of textiles from the wholesalers

process used to add color and enhance performance of unfinished products

(grey goods)

any fabric that is unfinished

(not been finished)

the textile industry is one of the largest in the U.S.

560,000 work in the industry-- U.S. --trades with 130 countries

true or false

fiber-textile supply chain

-natural and manufactured

labeling required for each fiber

true or false?? 

true-- backed by the Textile Fiber Product Identification Act

need fiber content and origin on labels

quality management

standards for industry-documented control of programs

mixture of clay and minerals, fieldspar minerals-flux agent, stain proof--for interior and exterior

• GLAZED TILE
• alchemical process
• pigmented glasses
• apply to surfaces wet or dry in a powder/liquid form
• fired b4 and after pigments are added
• non slip resistance
• chips in tile are NOTICEABLE
• EASY to maintain 

• known by its integral color
• pigment is added to clay mixture prior to firing
• floor and wall use
• chips/damages to tile are NOT adjustable
• pools, showers, kitchens,

quarry tile

what is it??

• tile designed to absorb any air + grease in the enviornment
• helps with slip resistance
• made of natural clay and shale by extrusion
• durable
• tile surfaces are coarse
• maintance=wipe with mop + hot water
• used in commercial kitchens often.. ex: wendy's!
• manily in red and brown colors-burnt colors=common 

porcelian vs. quarry tile cutting process

(procelian=exterior)

(quarry=interior)

•  when cutting the material-you usually cut the top + bottom portions.. edges of the product are uneven 

does not sprawl--water will run off the tile.. helps with resisitance

• freeze and thaw stable
• manufactored with dust pressed method 

moasic tile

what is it??

any tile that has a surface area less than 9"

3"x3" are an ex:

--any larger tile will cause lipage

granite is acid resitant and is 10x harder than steel

true or false???

any type of stone has to be sealed

true or false??

if slate is not treated properly, it will turn back into mud in  2 years.

true or false

natural enemies of carpet are what??

"cool blue" machine

solution dyed

(liquid)

synthetic

color is placed into yarn as a liquid b4 its in yarn form

• good for foot traffic, more resistant to color fade and stains 

yarn dyed

natural

most residential use

• extrude a white nylon and give color after its in yarn form
• the benefit is the color-unlimited range 

• mostly residential, commercial
• 2.5 or less modification ratio is ok for use-- modification ratio is  the diff. from the core of the fiber + the outside diameter of the fiber
• will have more bounce back
• uses old carpet--reduce it down to a liquid, then color is inserted, then goes thru the making process

harder/stifer

less reilency

good for high foot traffic

• yarn

diff pieces of nylon grouped together(natural or synthetic)

yarn is what carpet is made of 

broadloom

• jute backing
• stains are harder to get out and absorb thru backing
• tuffted
• want to have woven backing for stretch and give
• lot of effort to remove
• install with glue 

• moisture backing
• can clean easily
• use tack strips
• non woven tufting
• can have a cushion backing
• good for no VOC's
• offers solution to using no glue in install
• carpet tiles don't attach to floor, they attach to each other with an adhesive in the corners of the tile

5 different ways to install carpet tile?

true or false

flooring design intensions

what should you consider???

• human factor
• maintance
• health
• performance
• all materials differ + have inhert limits
• sizing
• installation of material
• visceral + experimental aspects=lined up with needs of building and inhabitants
• selection adjust to the amount of activity

flooring

(human factor)

•  degree of maintance-time overlay
•  key points of performance level, durability, wearabillity, aging process,
• higher conductive materials highten the tactile sensations

flooring

(health, safety, welfare)

• affect kinetic experience of space
• profile joinery in spaces
• fire ratings
• electricial conductivity
• indoor air quality
• slip resistance

flooring

fire ratings

• tests of materials define how much a material will take in terms of igniting and catching 
• diff classes: define rating of smoke for each material/finish based on occupancy groups

class a  25 or less

class b 26-75

class c 76 -200 

slip resistance

 is  what?

PSI coefficient: static load limit

what is it??

measure if resilient flooring's material abillity to withstand static loads.

**what the material is made of will impact the PSI rating more than its thickness will

all floor assemblies undergo some measurable degree of contractive and expansive movement and creep.

creep is ??

the movement results from the changes in temp,  moisture, and load distrubtion. -- not all floors move at the same rate.

creep--describes the deformation of a material or assembly of materials over time often under the pressure of a uniform load

carpet pile

(type of  carpet constructions)

Carpet pile has to do with the density of the carpet fibers that are used to create the weave on rugs and carpets.

Along with carpet thickness, the length of the individual fibers used in the weave also determines the carpet pile.

Carpet pile varies from one carpet design to another, ranging from a right flat pile all the way to a long shag pile.