Term
| Concrete - physical properties (3) |
|
Definition
Cement + aggregate + water
o Strong in handling compressive forces
o Poor at handling tensile and sheer stresses
o Proportion of ingredients is critical |
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Term
| newly mixed concrete vs. fully cured concrete (2 each) |
|
Definition
Newly mixed concrete is…
o Plastic and malleable
o Can be formed into any shape
When fully cured…
o Inherently fire-resistant
o Accepts a wide variety of surface finishes and textures |
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Term
|
Definition
Precast concrete
Ready-mixed
Reinforced concrete
Other types, primarily for base building and very large building systems
Prestressed concrete
Pretensioned conrete
Posttensioned concrete
“Tilt-up” concrete walls |
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Term
| Concrete - aesthetic qualities (4) |
|
Definition
stone-like appearance
monolithic pours
cured concrete accepts a variety of surface finishes
dyes and colored aggregates can be mixed into the recipe |
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Term
|
Definition
Cured floors, finished or not, can always be beautified by buffing or waxing
acid staining produces intense permanent color
washes penetrates surface but color is not as intense
surface dyes stain concrete but require topical sealer or wax
texture finishes or engraving are just as varied as colorant finishes |
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Term
| Stone - aesthetic qualities (2) |
|
Definition
• slab assembly
o (monolithic)
• tile assembly
o (pattern & design) |
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Term
|
Definition
| substrate + compressive material* + adhesive + slab or tile + grout* |
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|
Term
|
Definition
o Polishing
o Honing
o Flaming
o Sandblasting
o Sawn-face
o Tumbling |
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Term
|
Definition
| aggregates (marble chips, stone chips, glass, shells) + binders (portland cement, epoxy resins, synthetic binders) = Terrazzo matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o Substrate is grinded down
o Divider strips are laid
o Matrix is poured and shaped and flattened
o Finish is applied |
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|
Term
| resilient flooring - categories (5) |
|
Definition
animal hides
rubber
linoleum
cork
vinyl |
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|
Term
| resilient flooring- properties (9) |
|
Definition
enconomic
dense
nonabsorbent
durable
resiliency
impervious to water
easily disinfected
hypo-allergenic
anti-static |
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|
Term
| resilient flooring- shortcomings (5) |
|
Definition
scratches and dents difficult to repair
stained
pre-install steps are critical
UV sensitivity
the lesser of two evils (production and decompostion) |
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Term
| Linoleum - composition (2) |
|
Definition
linoleum layer (linseed oil, wood powder, resins, colored pigments)
backing or underlayment (plant fibers, jute, grass, biodegradable) |
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Term
| Linoleum - flooring system (4) |
|
Definition
1. linoleum core +finish
2. mesh underlayment
3. backing layer
4. subfloor
bonded with adhesive |
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|
Term
| Linoleum - material performance (5) |
|
Definition
excellent thermal properties
excellent acoustic properties
burn resistant
non-allergenic
non-porous, thus sanitary |
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|
Term
| Linoleum - visual characteristics (2) |
|
Definition
color change with age
sealer/protectants will extend lifespan |
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|
Term
| Rubber flooring - physical properties (6) |
|
Definition
extremely resilient & durable
Slip-resistant (may cause falls however for elderly)
easy to maintain
anti-static discharge rub. flooring is available
UV sensitive
Recyclable |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Composition: (planks or tiles)
ground up cork
synthetic resin
protective finish
Excellent acoustical and thermal properties
UV sensitive
Both residential and commercial use |
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|
Term
|
Definition
vinyl sheet
solid tile
vinyl composition tile |
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|
Term
|
Definition
VOCs
Manufacturing, disposability, pollution issues
VATs (vinyl asbestos tile) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. Subfloor Preparation
• Critical for longevity of flooring.
• Underlayment is often used.
2. Adhesives
• Cement, Mastic or one suggested by the res. flooring manufacturer.
3. Floor to Wall Transitions
• Cove Base or similar as deemed appropriate for material types or as required by code. |
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Term
| raised flooring system - assembly |
|
Definition
o 1. gridded metal framework or substructure
o 2. adjustable height supports
o 3. removable (liftable) floor panels (2’x2’, 2’x4’)
o 4. height is dictated by what’s underneath |
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Term
| Wood Flooring - Types (4) |
|
Definition
solid
engineered
laminate
acrylic impregnated |
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|
Term
| Wood Flooring - Styles (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oak - hard
maple - difficult to stain
cherry - darkens over time
pine - softest
walnut - dense
teak - most durable |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ..are very hard and dense woods that remain stable regardless of the way they are cut |
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Term
| wood flooring - Engineered Flooring |
|
Definition
o Thin layers of wood veneer bonded to a solid substrate.
o Surface is more forgiving than laminates and can be sanded or refinished several times due to 3-5 layers.
o Dimensionally stable wood product since wood veneer layers run in opposite directions. |
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Term
| wood flooring - engineered flooring - piles (3) |
|
Definition
Protective finish
Top Layer
Supporting Layers |
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|
Term
| wood flooring - solid wood classification (3) |
|
Definition
o “clear” - Mostly heartwood with a minimum number of character marks and discoloration, providing a uniform appearance while allowing for all heartwood natural color variations.
o “select” - Showing a greater degree of coloration variation than Clear Grade, but with minimal knots and streaks.
o “number one common” - Showing prominent variations in coloration and varying knots and streaks.
o “number two common” – Showing prominent natural variation in color, with various manufacturing imperfections and obvious character marks. |
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Term
| wood flooring - plank availability (3) |
|
Definition
o Beveled-edge planks
• Have a distinct deep V-groove which makes it easier to install over irregular surfaces
o Eased-edge planks
• Have a very shallow V-groove (not as deep as beveled-edge) for installation over surfaces with minor irregularities
o Square-edged planks
• Meet evenly on all edges for a smooth, unified floor. Subfloor or base must be level and free of imperfections. |
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|
Term
| wood flooring - parquet flooring designs |
|
Definition
Brittany
Versailles
Bordeaux
Herringbone |
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Term
| wood flooring - specification process |
|
Definition
• step 1: choose the boards
choose the hardwood species and board widths for the room use, traffic, size, and project demands; consider exposure to UV and moisture
• step 2: spec the supply
measure for square footage and allow 10-15% for mis-sized planks or mis-cuts
• step 3: check grade and subfloor
minimum requirements are a ¾” plywood sub-floor for at or above grade. Eng. Wood can be installed directly on slab below grade or floated above grade
• step 4: specify a vapor barrier paper
specify vapor barrier paper, allowing at least a 4” overlap to the total square footage
• step 5: specify perimeter base details
wood flooring is subject to expansion/contractions therefore proper detailing of the perimeter base for movement and ventilation is necessary
• step 6: communicate with installer
• step 7: inspect installation |
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|
Term
| wood flooring - assemblies (2) |
|
Definition
o at or above grade level
• because of moisture solid or plank wood can only be installed at or above grade
o below grade level
• engineered and acrylic impregnanted wood can be installed below grade because of moisture resistant properties |
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|
Term
| wood flooring - installation methods (4) |
|
Definition
nail-down
staple-down
glue-down
floating |
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|
Term
| carpets - good physical properties (7) |
|
Definition
• Complete sound absorption
• Comfortable
• Slip-resistant
• Hides irregularities in subfloor
• Can be installed over almost any surface
• Economical – both material and installation
• Newer carpets are recyclable |
|
|
Term
| carpets - bad physical properties (6) |
|
Definition
• Constant maintenance
• Limited lifespan
• Visible deterioration over time
• Landfill waste – most carpets take years to breakdown
• Off-gassing is frequent
• Allergans – chemical as well as biological |
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|
Term
| carpets - construction basics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carpets - steps in creation |
|
Definition
fiber bulking
yarn making
ply
ply formation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
level loop (one height)
multi-layer loop (various heights)
cut/uncut patterned carpet (hides traffic patterns)
berber (big level loops, multi-level loops)
cut pile saxony (smooth surface)
textured cut pile saxony (textured surface)
frieze (knobby surface) |
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|
Term
| carpets - common methods (3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carpets - availability (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carpets - measurements general (5) |
|
Definition
denier
pile density
face weight
twist
tuft bind |
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|
Term
| carpets - measurements of rolled carpet |
|
Definition
• (w) gauge
• (l) stitch rate
• (h) pile height |
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|
Term
| carpets - colors - pre-dyed (5) |
|
Definition
solution dyeing
stock dyeing
skein dyeing
space dyeing
tuft bind |
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|
Term
| carpets - color - post-dyed (5) |
|
Definition
beck dyeing
piece dyeing
continuous dyeing
printing
differential dyeing |
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|
Term
| carpets - assemblies - installation (3) |
|
Definition
• Suitable substrate layer
• Padding layer
• Carpet layer |
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|
Term
| Physiology and Psychology |
|
Definition
measurable variable that affect human performance in the built environment
engineering
biology
psychology
anthropology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intimate 1.5
personal 4
social 12
public 25 |
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|
Term
| principles of universal design |
|
Definition
equitable use
perceptible info
flexibility
tolerance or error
simple and intuitive use
low physical effort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
asbestos
mold
cleaning agents
cigarette |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventilation and filtration
control of airborne contaminants at the source
CO2 monitoring |
|
|
Term
| Designers should select or use... |
|
Definition
matrial life-cycle costs
sustainable materials
close-loop models
EPPs
certifiable Green Products |
|
|
Term
| Material performance and functional criteria |
|
Definition
safty
durability
comfort
ease of care
fire resistance
acoustic properties |
|
|
Term
| plaster walls and partitions |
|
Definition
laths (or metal mesh) attached to studs
plaster base coat
second smooth coat
finish coat |
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|
Term
Gypsum wallboard
names
specs
types (7) |
|
Definition
sheetroc
drywall
4' wide and lengths 6' to 16'
regular
type x
moisture-resistant
foil-back
pre-finished
sag-resistant
TY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
frame GYP edges
avoid cracking
should be integrated |
|
|
Term
| Assembly types for GYP (3) |
|
Definition
ceiling height partition (non-fire rated)
full height partition (non-fire rated)
full height partition (1hr fire-rated) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
oak - hard
maple - difficult to stain
cherry - darkens
pine - softest
walnut - most dense
teak - most durable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stains
lacquers
varnishes
poly-type coatings |
|
|
Term
| _______________the greater resistance to moisture levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| manufacture cuts for wood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
book match
slip match
random match |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N= best
A
B
C
D
E - engineered wood - more structural |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ferrous
steel, stainless steel, iron, cast iron, wrought iron
nonferrous
copper, aluminum, tin, zinc |
|
|
Term
| stainless steel reflection |
|
Definition
| higher the number, the brighter, more reflective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forming metal
pipes and tubes
sheet metals (structural)
flat sheet (ceiling or decor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
foundry
commercial
architectural |
|
|
Term
| metal manufacturing processes |
|
Definition
extruded
spun
welding
weaving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mechanical
chemical
coatings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
95%
molten glass on top of molten tin
uniform in thickness
cooled through annealing process
breaks into shards |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
air pocket of gas
20min to 3 hours |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fieldstone (used as is)
rubble (quarried)
ashlar (dress) |
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|
Term
| stone visual determined by.. |
|
Definition
stone species
slab cuts
mineral content |
|
|
Term
| stone physical properties determined by... |
|
Definition
porosity
abrasion resistance
etching resistance |
|
|
Term
| species of stone (hard to soft) |
|
Definition
granite
marble
slate
limestone |
|
|
Term
| stone finishing processes (6) |
|
Definition
polishing
honing
flaming
sandblasting
sawn-face
tumbling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
spline
set-in block
lap
expansion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
corner butt
rabbitted corner
corner L
slip corner
corner block
quirk mitter |
|
|
Term
| typical materials used in brick fabrication (6) |
|
Definition
clay
shale
soft slate
concrete
shaped quarried stone
fly ash |
|
|
Term
| typical materials used in stonework |
|
Definition
limestone
slate
other quarried |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soft mud (wet + mold)
stiff mud (semi-wet + press)
dry press (moist + press) |
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|
Term
| physical properties of brick bonds |
|
Definition
system of parts enables whole
high compression strength
low tensile strength
weather and fire resistant
bound by mortar |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| brick surface treatments (5) |
|
Definition
enamel
paint
stains
washes
weather resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
design practice
structural ceramics
whitewares
tech applications
refractory products
technical ceramics |
|
|
Term
| ceramic and porcelain formed by (4) |
|
Definition
hand throwing
slip casting
injection molding
dry press |
|
|
Term
| interior applications of tile (3) |
|
Definition
earthenware (Terracotta)
stoneware (cookware)
porcelain (not for walls, insulates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
substrates
setting type
grouting
communication |
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