Term
| What is the molecule to the right? Which domain of fatty acid synthase I (FAS I) has a component that resembles this molecule? What does FAS I produce? |
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Definition
| Coenzyme A; The acyl carrier protein; palmitate |
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Term
| What is the first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis? What is the product of this reaction? |
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Definition
| Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; malonyl-CoA |
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Term
Where do the following metabolic process take place in plant cells? In animal cells?
Fatty acid synthesis, Fatty acid catabolism, Phospholipid synthesis |
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Definition
Fatty acid synthesis: chloroplasts in plants, cytosol in animals
Fatty acid catabolism: peroxisomes in plants, mitochondria in animals
Phospholipid synthesis: endoplasmic reticulum in plants and animals |
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Term
| What are the sources of AcCoA and NADH in fatty acid synthesis |
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Definition
Acetyl CoA- glycolysis, amino acid catabolism
NADH- pentose phosphate pathway, photosynthesis |
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Term
| What process ______? In what type of organism is this seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 main biosynthetic fates of phosphatic acid? |
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Definition
| Triacylglycerol, glycerophospholipid |
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Term
| Which 2 hormones coordinate regulation of both fatty acid synthesis and degradation? What is the effect of each hormone on both pathways? |
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Definition
Insulin- increases fatty acid synthesis, decreases FA breakdown
Glucagon- decreases FA synthesis, increases FA breakdown |
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Term
| What are the major nitrogen sources for amino acid biosynthetic pathways? |
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Definition
| glutamic acid(E) and glutamine(Q) |
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Term
| What are the classes of enzymes used to provide this nitrogen from the above sources? Which one uses PLP as a coenzyme? |
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Definition
Glutamine aminotransferase- uses PLP
Glutamine amidotransferase |
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Term
| Which are essential amino acids out of the following: A, V, I, L, W, F, D |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of essential amino acid? |
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Definition
| Amino acid that cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be consumed by diet |
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Term
| What are the 2 major divisions of amino acid catabolism? Where does most amino acid catabolism take place in mammals? |
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Definition
| Glucogenic and Ketogenic catabolism; AA catabolism takes place in the liver |
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Term
| What is the molecule to the right and what is it used to transfer? |
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Definition
| tetrahydrofolate; transfer methyl groups |
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Term
| What 3 major metabolites are both carbon precursors of amino acid biosynthesis and products of amino acid catabolism? |
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Definition
alpha-Ketoglutarate
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate |
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Term
| Why is the biosynthesis of TAGs important in humans? |
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Definition
| It allows for the long-term storage of energy, it has the highest energy content and highest density of store nutrients |
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