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Master(Philiosophy)
(answers have been verified accurate by Mr. Taylor.) DO NOT CHANGE!!!
51
Women's & Gender Studies
8th Grade
12/10/2012

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Term
What is Logos?
Definition
Word (literally)
The method of using logical discourse (speech) to unravel the mysteries of the universe
Term
What was the scientific practice was Thales the first to introduce?
Definition
reductionism-like peeling down the layers until you come down to one thing
Term
What is ontology?
Definition
the study of being
Term
What is axiology?
Definition
the study of morals and ethics
Term
Empedocles was the first of the philosophers that rejected the idea that the universe had a single elemental origin. what was this group collectively known as?
Definition
pluaralists
Term
For Empedocles, what two forces guided change in the universe?
Definition
love and strife
Term
The first theory of _________ developed out of Empedocle's theories.
Definition
evolution
Term
Anaxagoras theorized that all creation was composed of what?
Definition
infinite seeds
Term
What force did Anaxagoras say was the organizing force of the universe?
Definition
nous
Term
Leucippus and Democritus thought that all creation was composed of what?
Definition
atomons
Term
What do we call the group of Athenian philosophers who were more concerned with winning arguments than with the truth?
Definition
Sophists
Term
What are 3 shared characteristics between Thales,Anaximander, and Anaximenes?
Definition
1.) desire for simple explanations
2.) reliance on observation to support theories
3.) commitment to naturalism
4.) monism-the view that there is ultimately only one kind of stuff
Term
What ended the work of the philosophers of Miletus?
Definition
persian invasion
Term
How did Pythagoras theorize that the universe would be explained?
Definition
mathematically
Term
What substance did Heraclitus symbolically link all creation?
Definition
fire
Term
What nickname was applied to Heraclitus?
Definition
dark one
Term
Complete the the Heraclitus quote: "Conflict is _______ ".
Definition
justice
Term
Complete the Heraclitus quote:"_______is the father and king of all".
Definition
war
Term
Complete the Heraclitus quote: "You can never step in the same river __________".
Definition
twice
Term
What characteristics did Parmenides ascribe to creation?
Definition
Being is uncreated, indescructible,unchanging, and unmoving.
Term
What was the name of the method of winning arguments used by Zeno of Elea to "prove" that all motion was impossible?
Definition
reductio ad absurdum
Term
What is mythos?
Definition
The belief in mystical, magical, or religious forces that govern the universe
Term
What is Sophia?
Definition
wisdom
Term
What is Philos?
Definition
love
Term
What is epistemology?
Definition
theory of knowledge
Term
What is logic?
Definition
theory of correct inference
Term
What is the difference between a scientific and philosophical question?
Definition
Science= experimental approach
Philosophers=conceptual analysis
Term
All PreSocatic philosophers are understood through the prism of what ancient writer and philosopher's work?
Definition
Aristotle
Term
What does Protagoras mean when he says "homo mensura?"
Definition
="man is the measure." ->all is relative, no absolutes; man determines the value of things.
Term
List the three theses of Gorgias: a.)________ b.)_________ c.)__________
Definition
a.) There is nothing. b.) If there were anything, no one could know it. c.)If anyone did know it, they could not communicate it.
Term
For Thrasymachus, morality was reducible to a struggle for power. What quote embodies this concept?
Definition
"Justice is in the interest of the stronger" (modern translation= "Might makes right")
Term
What are the four classic elements which most greeks believed the world to be made of?
Definition
fire, earth, air, and water
Term
What did Thales conjecture was the unifying element that formed the basis of the universe?
Definition
water
Term
What scientific practice was Thales the first to introduce?
Definition
reductionism
Term
What was Aniximander's main problem with theory of Thales?
Definition
If water destroys it's opposite, how can it BE it's opposite!
Term
What is the scientific term for when things seek a state of equilibrium?
Definition
entropy
Term
What did Anaximander propose as the origin of all things?
Definition
"The Boundless" (Apeiron)
Term
For Animander, creation was an act of what?
Definition
injustice
Term
"Ex nihilo nihil" was a phrase used to criticize Anaximander by others - What does it mean?
Definition
it means that nothing can come from nothing (trans.= "from nothing nothing)
Term
To Anaximenes, what was the basic composition of the universe?
Definition
air
Term
Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes are collectively known as what?
Definition
The School of Miletus
Term
When offered a choice between death and exile, why did Socrates choose death?
Definition
He wanted to die a martyr for truth.
Term
Finish this quote: "The unexamined life ________________________________."
Definition
is not worth living
Term
Who was Socrates' most famous student?
Definition
Plato
Term
What was the name of the first formal school of philosophy, founded in Athens?
Definition
the Academy
Term
What was the name of the famous allegory used to explain why the ideas of Socrates had been so violently rejected?
Definition
(Plato's) Allegory of the Cave
Term
What is nihilism?
Definition
Believing in no value system
Term
Why did the oracle at Delphi say that Socrates was the wisest man in Greece?
Definition
He knew that he knows nothing.
Term
What,for Socrates, was the most important thing to seek out through discourse?
Definition
Truth
Term
For what crime was Socrates put on trial?
Definition
"Corrupting the youth of Athens."
Term
What did Socrates say his punishment should be?
Definition
that there should be a statue of him in the middle of Athens. and that he should live in a mansion and be fed so he could live a long lion.
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