Term
|
Definition
| This model of communication conceptualizes it as a linear, one-message-at-a-time system through which information is shared. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| today's progressive technologies and the globalization of mass media are driving an environment—some would say forcing an environment—which dissolves the historical boundaries between segments of society, societies, and even nations. This is known as______________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to our text, all media hold built-in features that privilege some information and storytelling features while minimizing others. Some of this stems from the design and intent of content messages whereas other features are found within the nature of the medium itself. The BEST word to describe these features is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____________ is the integrated and dynamic social system of behaviors, characteristics, customs, language, artifacts, and symbols that distinguish one social group from another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass media platforms can be either active or passive. Active media platforms allow for the exchange of information between users who share in creating the media content and messages. Which of the following is the MOST obvious example of such a platform? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When we log into Facebook and see the variety of friends we have from distant parts of the globe, all "compressed and indivisible" into the compact region of our web browser, we have a sense that this term (and key feature of digital media) is not just a theoretical idea, but in actuality a part of our daily reality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This German goldsmith and printer unleashed the new media of his era by inventing the wooden printing press and then using it to print and distribute the Christian Bible to a more socially diverse audience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Websites such as www.factcheck.org monitor the truthfulness of political advertising campaigns as per their media usage. A site such as this is useful in promoting media literacy about which of the following topics? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First developed by scientists working in the late 1930s, this analysis helps us to more clearly identify when specific media content is intentionally structured to spread ideas and to manipulate audiences into accepting those ideas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passive media platforms allow for little or no direct input into the content from the user. Using this definition, which media listed below is the MOST passive? |
|
|
Term
| Technological Determinism |
|
Definition
| According to our text, this theory posits a very strong association between the growth of technologies and the structure and values dominant in our society and culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the term commonly used to describe the identification, study, and analysis of the processes involved in creating and consuming media content across one or more mediums or platforms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both the Shannon-Weaver and Transactional models attend to this possibly destructive feature of communication. If left unchecked it will negatively impact the mutual sharing of meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One key concern for both historical and contemporary media research and theory has been on the influence, or _________ of media. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emily is planning a public relations campaign. In the course of preparing for an interview with a local news reporter, she reviews information regarding the demographics of her target group. In doing so she is attending to what principle of connecting media and audiences? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Today what we commonly refer to the as the Internet was initially invented by: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By the 1760s, publishing was beginning to flourish in the American colonies. Which of the following media were distributed by 50 different presses by this time? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Image capture and copying technologies have a long history. Which of the following devices is the OLDEST invention in the line of tinkering that ultimately culminated in technologies used in photojournalism? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While the names of two inventors are typically associated with the invention of radio, this man is often the one credited with nurturing the technology required to support a mature and commercially viable medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horace Greeley was a progressive thinker of his time who made which newspaper a key voice in the emerging dialog against slavery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As part of her summer internship, Felicity used her digital camera to document the living conditions of families who lost their homes in the recent foreclosure epidemic. She recently displayed her images at a university gallery. One visitor said she could become the ___________________________ of our time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While his invention did not become the broadcast standard for American television, this man played a key role in the invention and testing of television and video technologies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to Chapter 2, American folk songs, which told stories about life as drawn from the struggles of the poor and working classes, have its roots in what time period? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Our textbook suggests that early documentaries produced in the 1920s gave rise to what contemporary type of television programming? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In studying the history and growth of modern media, some students express surprise at the actual age of media such as photography. By what century was photography both technologically and economically viable? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1939, David Sarnoff unveiled a new standard for American television at what event? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starting in the 1940s and 1950s, computer users needed to rely on these types of machines in order to command any significant computing power. In addition to their expense and size, their lack of portability greatly limited their use as media-viewing platforms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For his History of Media class, Vincent is constructing a replica of Gutenberg's printing press. Which of the following devices will he have to recreate in order to demonstrate how letters were assembled by a printmaker of this era into words and sentences? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While some might bemoan the current state of affairs of media sensationalism, the past practice of _____________________ was far more troubling as it was a form of reporting which fused fact and fiction together without regard to objective storytelling. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This device was the forerunner of the modern motion picture projector and as such was one of the first media of its type to be seen by average consumers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This stage represents a period in which one technology has emerged as the clear winner in the market. The technology may enjoy wide adoption and is available in many markets, including global markets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some new technologies incorporate the functionality supported by their predecessors while offering added benefits not provided by the earlier technology. This is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the idea that as the processing power of an integrated circuit doubles, the size of the circuit will reduce by about 50 percent every 12 to 18 months. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recently, market competition pitted high-definition digital video discs (HDDVD) and Blu-ray optical discs against each other. In the end, one of these prevailed, though perhaps not simply out of its technological superiority. This outcome often occurs in ________________________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While Nicholas Negroponte had hoped to bring his innovation to the world's schoolchildren at $100 apiece, this was the closest he got to his goal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Historically, this is the major source of revenue for newspapers and magazines. It is quickly becoming a scarce resource as more of the print industry migrates from a physical to an electronic form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The idea of books as we know it is changing. This is the name of a book when it is translated into a digital format which may then be read across a variety of computerized readers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the first stage of technological innovation. It is established as artists, creative thinkers, philosophers, and others imagine new ideas, processes, and devices not yet developed or realized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 2005, this project, designed to produce the world's largest digital library, hit a major legal challenge due to concerns regarding copyright, copyright approval, and author compensation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Co-founder of the MIT Media Lab _______________________ recently brought the idea of one laptop per child to fruition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Chapter 3, this nation is cited as a contemporary site for the rise of a consumer-driven media culture. This stems from the nature of electronic media that are inherently more difficult to blot out than the traditional forms of media. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peggy loves a bargain. She's able to pick up select communications technologies at flea markets and garage sales, but only if the technologies for sale there have entered this stage of technological innovation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Books have long been seen as a vital part of our society and culture. Thomas Jefferson was instrumental in creating which of the following American institutions in 1802? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Due to the nature of electronic media, consumers have more power today than ever before to both consume and produce the content of the media they use. This is giving rise to what is called _________________ culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the miniaturized electronic circuit that forms the basis of all electronic media. Its invention, utility, and growth are associated with which of the following inventors? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For more than 160 years in American history, the newspaper medium dominated mass media. The first newspapers historically established that advertising could support the medium. Historians call this era of newspaper publishing the _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the Civil War a new writing format/story structure was created by newspaper publishers. It was a means of avoiding the high cost and unreliability of the invention by Samuel B. Morse—the telegraph. This writing structure was and still is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hogan's Alley is the name of a cartoon strip that was published in a newspaper owned and operated by __________, the famed publisher who added a yellow shirt to one of the cartoon's characters to make it more sensational. "They Yellow Kid" became the mascot of yellow journalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Yellow Kid, Katzenjammer Kids and Mutt and Jeff. All of these appeared in multiple newspapers published at the same time. They are all examples of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The "Red Scare" in the early 1950s was a good example of how a governmental figure would manipulate the press to perpetrate a hoax that would label prominent figures as communists. The governmental official responsible was: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Photography was around for a long time before newspapers and magazines could reproduce them using ink. Visual images were published, but the plates had to be hand-carved from this substance: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the longest enduring and most widely used news syndicates, which began around 1845 and still is prominent in today's mass media is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This technological development in the printing industry allowed printers to move from flat-bed or sheet-fed presses to a rounded plate that printed on paper that was fed through the press from a roll. The printing system was called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This magazine (1804-1878) was one of the first magazines to abandon a general-interest format. It was written to appeal to women only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How many years passed between the first independent newspaper published in the Colonies by James Franklin and the founding of the New York Times by Henry Jarvis Raymond? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because of Entertainment Comics publisher William M. Gaines' creation of comics that pushed the edges of decency, the comic book owners urged by the U.S. Congress, started to self-regulate the comic book business. They formed an association in 1954 and began judging all comic books published. The organization's acronym is: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pre-Civil War newspapers from this historical era of newspaper publishing acted as the media voice of America's political parties and others with a political agenda. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first truly modern graphic novel appeared in print in 1971. It was called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the more popular features that appeared in tabloid newspapers in the 1920s and 1930s were gossip columns. A very popular gossip columnist that covered the kidnapping of famed aviator Charles Lindberg's son was: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When newspapers consolidate under one company, the industry describes those consolidations as: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which group is generally considered to have been at the forefront of the "British Invasion" of the 1960s? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This 1970s and '80s underground musical movement, a stylistic cousin to hard rock, challenged mainstream musical tastes, upset the mainstream music industry, and, thanks to performers like Debbie Harry and Joan Jett, even called into question the male dominance of the rock scene. This movement was known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| XM and Sirius are examples of |
|
|
Term
| emerged as the dominant forces in the industry |
|
Definition
| Deregulation in the telecommunications industries allowed the recording business to restructure. As a result, Universal Music Group, Sony Music Entertainment, Warner Music Group, and EMI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As early as the 1920s, radio station operators began relying on ________ in order to remain financially viable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emil Berliner's gramophone, the predecessor to the record player, was a competitor to |
|
|
Term
| Sarnoff refused to support Armstrong's development of FM technology. |
|
Definition
| Radio pioneers David Sarnoff and Edwin Howard Armstrong went from being friends to lifelong rivals when |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nirvana is often considered the prototype for the alternative musical movement known as _______, characterized by its distorted guitars, raw sound, and thrift-store-style clothing worn by its artists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inventor and promoter who first delivered radio broadcasting to the world was |
|
|
Term
| criminalized the production and distribution of technology intended to bypass copyright laws. |
|
Definition
| The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) enacted in 1998 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Woody Guthrie, nicknamed the "Dust Bowl Troubadour" for his musical critiques of American politics and Depression-era life, was an influential performer of ____ music. |
|
|
Term
| increasing the clarity of radio signals |
|
Definition
| Edwin Howard Armstrong is famous for |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The self-proclaimed "father of radio and grandfather of television" was |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bands such as Journey, Heart, and Styx, who were commercially appealing and radio-friendly if not particularly creative musically, were part of the 1970s trend known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multitrack technology, non-Western musical styles, and the use of certain recreational drugs combined to contribute to the 1960s musical style known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of the organization which revealed its new Motion Pictures Ratings System in 1968. This new system allowed studios to test the waters with more controversial content. In turn, films began to feature previously taboo subjects such as drug addiction, prostitution, and childbirth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This genre of cinema featured non-professional actors in storylines about the poor and working class. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prior to regulatory changes after 1946, which of the following words BEST characterized the economic state of US Motion Pictures? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name for a production and distribution system in which a single owner or management group controls all levels and all aspects of the production and distribution supply chain related to a product or products. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| While still employing established storytelling techniques, these films tend to mix other stylistic components often rooted in other media. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This term means "placing on stage." It comprises everything set before a camera: from physical props (e.g., a leafless tree, a half-empty glass, an abandoned house), to the costumes, to where the actual actors stand in place or in motion during a scene. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Both Film and Television are packaged into a variety of shared narrative forms. This is the name of the category into which these media are placed according to their use of shared story telling devices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Golden Age of American film ran up to the 1946 anti-trust ruling. In the era following this time, Hollywood invented this new form -- spectacular, huge-budget productions. These productions not only demonstrated proven profitability they also attracted huge audiences, making it very difficult for television networks to compete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of Japanese monster movies. Popular versions of this genre include the 1950s Godzilla franchise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This early film society was the brainchild of Thomas Edison, who was determined to secure industry dominance for himself and a few other early U.S. companies that held a variety of patents on film. By joining this organization, companies could pool resources and demand licensing fees from producers, distributors and exhibitors outside their group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| According to our text, the motion picture The Bourne Supremacy (2004) is identified with the following genre: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This country is the world's cinematic leader producing more than 1,000 movies each year. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a film is sent out by a distributor for screening, it comes with a specification about when and where theaters will show a film and the financial agreement between the two parties. This is called what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This name is used for Chinese martial arts films. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piracy via digital distribution over the Internet has accounted for more than ___ percent of the film industry's losses between 2004 and 2009, affecting both box-office sales and sell-through revenues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____________________is one of the trends transforming both new and traditional media today. Rather than simply replicating the old media equivalents and delivering them via the Internet, this movement actually melds the various types of new media content into an new, fully integrated and interactive media format. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the collection of communication and software standards that allows many different kinds of computers of different brands, using different operating systems and different programming languages, to communicate with one another over the Web. |
|
|
Term
| dynamic adaptive learning |
|
Definition
| For most people, knowledge nodes and self-structured organization can vastly increase their ability to absorb and use new information. This approach, which takes advantage of how human learning works best, is called |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1876, this new medium of communication was patented by Alexander Graham Bell. Its key advantage was the ability to transmit of the sound of the human voice over great distances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stephen has just run a web search in preparation for his application to graduate school. When he sees the list of hits that appears he is a bit confused as it seems that schools he's never heard of appear on the top of his search. He suspects that these schools might have engaged which of the following practices? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
`
One additional communicative feature found in Web 2.0, in contrast to its predecessor Web 1.0, is content that is delivered in a constant and continuous manner. What is the name of this new and highly desirable form of delivery? |
|
|
Term
| participatory virtual reality |
|
Definition
| Today, media consumers experience varied forms of virtual reality (VR) in their daily lives. One category of VR is represented by new media technology, which is accessed online, or via digital storage devices such as DVDs or Blu-ray discs. This form of VR enables users to move through, explore, and interact with computer-generated environments in a more natural, seamless way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The World Wide Web is precisely that: an expansive, interactive web of computers linked throughout the world. Finding the information one needs would be nearly impossible without the invention of which of the following? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As we learn through our survey of game consoles, Nintendo's The Legend of Zelda (1987) was a lore-rich video game that focused on the development of each player's skills as the game progressed. This interactive process is known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jackson is running for President of the Student Association. Well-versed in a variety of computer programs, and knowledgeable of the importance of seamlessly transferring video content between personal computers and mobile devices he decides to generate and distribute all of his campaign materials in digital media. In doing so he is taking advantage of this dynamic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This former member of the band The Grateful Dead founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Although all of the candidates in the 2008 presidential election had equal access to Web tools, it has been argued that none applied them as effectively as the ___________ team. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of the first internet browser. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| April 2010, six Massachusetts high school students were charged with felonies as a consequence of their months of online verbal assaults and violent threats against Phoebe Prince, a 15-year-old newcomer from County Clare, Ireland. These teens posted disparaging remarks about Prince on Facebook and on fake websites set up in her name. In response to the ongoing stress from the bullying, Prince hanged herself. The name for what Prince endured is called: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the distinctive features of this website is its ability to distribute micro-blogs to audiences both near and far. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Marshall McLuhan's Reality: Digital media tend to spread information to most parts of the world in a nearly instantaneous manner. Today we have the opportunity to see and hear stories from far away places that we might not visit with as much ease as speaking with a friend seated in the next room. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When it comes to who really drives or 'rules' our media, which of the following is commonly cited by media producers, platform operators, or researchers as the major director of media content? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____________ refers to dominance of the media by a particular group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This model of media effects assumes that if media consumers watch television in great enough quantities, they will perceive television's depictions of reality to be consistent, accurate, and true. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teagan is designing a multimedia fundraising campaign for the college radio station. Because she understands that audiences and media producers are both involved at the same time in producing and consuming varied messages, she uses this model of communication in preparing her campaign. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Metaphorically speaking, storytelling is a way to create and share meanings through "painting with _________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, these are the call letters of the first radio station in the United States: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This war is described in Chapter 2 as the first "Media War." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which of the following authors penned a work entitled Future Shock? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Communications technologies that transmit their content over the air in analog formats consume more _________________than those that make use of digital transmissions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This international television network began operations in 1985 and has risen to become a major competitor to CNN. Its rise stems from the current trends in electronic media that make the nearly instantaneous transmission of information cheaper and more easily accessible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not all citizens in the world have access to information technologies. Which of the following terms captures the idea that there is a gulf between those who do and those who do not have access to such media? |
|
|
Term
| Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster |
|
Definition
| In 1934 these two high school students from Cleveland, Ohio, created the most important character in the history of comic books—Superman. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A big detriment to the magazine and book publishing industries, which changed in 1851, was the U.S. Postal Service's refusal to ship packages weighing more than: |
|
|
Term
| Magazines were bulky and expensive to send via the U.S. mail system. |
|
Definition
| The early magazine industry as well as the early newspaper industry did not fare. One of the biggest reasons was: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This national newspaper became the largest circulated paper in publishing history in 2009, primarily because of the changeover of print to digital. |
|
|
Term
| he spearheaded RCA's domination of the early radio broadcasting industry. |
|
Definition
| David Sarnoff is considered one of radio's three "pioneers" because |
|
|
Term
| Audience preferences for recorded music rather than live concerts |
|
Definition
| In the 1920s and '30s, small and independent radio stations were practically driven into extinction due to a number of factors. Which of the following was NOT one of the factors leading to this near-extinction of small radio stations? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of a filmic genre which focused on the darker side of the human experience and revolved around themes of madness, insanity, and betrayal. To convey a sense of irrational fear on film, directors relied on dramatic lighting and extreme set and costume designs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was the name for the system (under the defunct studio system) which typically bundled five films together—a single high-quality A-film along with four lower-quality A- and B-films. Theater operators would then be expected to rent and show the entire package rather than just one film of their choice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Netflix and Blockbuster Online have begun offering portions of their film catalogues streamed over the Internet. This service known as ___________distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of a generation of filmmakers who took the older genre of film noir to new heights. Directors working in this area experimented with new cinematic styles that focused on complex character relationships, sexual passions, and religious turmoil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of Japanese monster movies. Popular versions of this genre include the 1950s Godzilla franchise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was dominant model of producing movies prior to 1946. It involved the end-to-end control of producing and distributing completed products. It included ownership of their theatres in which films were screened along with exclusive contracts held between the production company and its actors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Johanna loves Second Life. One of her favorite activities there is to go to the virtual shopping malls in which she often browses new fashions. At times she wonders if there might be a way to make her real self as fashionable and edgy as her _____________________. |
|
|
