Term
| According to Ben Bagdikian, how many media corporations control most of the mass media? |
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| Media corporations that control the creation, production, and distribution of media products are described as |
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| What is the second criterion the author identifies that influences advertising rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT an example of the changes in newspaper formats in response to readership surveys? |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ effect refers to instances in which audiences shift from one news source (e.g., TV, radio, Internet) to another news source. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of media is best at transmitting specific factual information |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do researchers tend to credit the print media with conveying more information than television? |
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Definition
| Because researchers typically test for information best conveyed with text |
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Term
| Political socialization is the process of… |
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Definition
| learning and internalizing the rules and customs of political life |
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Term
| Which news source do high school students most often identify as an important source of political, social, and economic information? |
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Definition
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Term
| When are people least likely to be influenced by the media? |
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Definition
| When are people least likely to be influenced by the media? |
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Term
| Why do journalists believe the public finds hard news less useful than was the case in the past? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does personality theory suggest about the content of the news? |
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Definition
| Journalists’ personalities and background influence the kinds of stories they cover. (pg 75) |
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Term
| According to Graber, what background characteristic is most important in shaping the philosophy of reporting of those in the news production business? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most journalists believe ____________ improved journalism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a core value that a vast majority of journalists believe serve the interests of their audience? |
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Definition
| Inspiring citizens to take collective action |
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Term
| Who are the main sources of information in most political stories |
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Definition
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Term
| Once a political leader is included in a report as a legitimate source of information, they are more likely to be included in future coverage. Graber cites this tendency as an example of… |
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Definition
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Term
| A company interested in selling exotic African Safari trips is most likely to advertise in… |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary criteria journalists’ use to determine what to stories to include (and exclude) in their news coverage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not an example of a “beat” |
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Definition
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Term
| On which subject do all five media sectors devote a comparable amount of coverage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which media sector devotes the most time to business news? |
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Definition
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Term
| Events designed to generate news coverage are referred to as… |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the best time for an administration to release information that reflects unfavorably on them? |
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Definition
| after friday deadlines or over the weekend |
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Term
| Which news source provides the smallest proportion of citizenship-relevant news? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of news content according to the Reporters of Objective Fact model? |
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Definition
| It is designed to engage citizens in the political process |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of news content according to the Neutral Adversary model? (Page 50) |
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Definition
| It is an objective but accurate reflection of reality |
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Term
| 3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of news content according to the Public Advocate model? |
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Definition
| emphasizes facts over commentary |
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Term
| 4. Which of the models listed below conceptualizes journalists as playing the most active role in defining the news? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. Which of the models listed below conceptualizes journalists as playing a passive role in defining the news? |
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Definition
| A. Reporters of Objective Fact model |
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Term
| Which private enterprise does the Constitution grant a privileged status? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a terrorist communicates information using a telephone, the company providing the (page 51) service cannot be held liable because, like cable television and internet providers, they are |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Supreme Court rule in Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo |
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Definition
| Political candidates do not have a right to obtain free space in a newspaper to respond to an attack. |
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Term
| On which kind of programs do political candidate not have the “right to equal time?” |
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Definition
| news programs and talk shows |
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Term
| The decision in Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC, which granted private individuals the right to rebuttal, ______________ the amount of time devoted to controversial issues on the airways. |
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Definition
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Term
| Advertisers are particularly interested in 18-49 years old because they are ____________________ than other age groups. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following media outlets is NOT wholly or partially funded by the federal government? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals or corporations that own a single media venture |
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Term
| What is crossmedia ownership? |
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Definition
| Individuals or corporations that own several types of media |
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Term
| Why are some people particularly concerned about crossmedia ownership? |
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Definition
| They allow a single business to control all of the media outlets in one market |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals or corporation that own media outlets and other kinds of non-media related businesses |
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Term
| According to Graber, which of the following is NOT one of the ways to gauge the influence of a media enterprise? |
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Definition
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Term
| The FCC, as an independent regulatory commission, is NOT influenced by the… |
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Definition
| It is influenced by all of the above. |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a way in which the FCC exerts control over the media? |
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Definition
| Establishing advertising rates for children programming |
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Term
| What has the media industry done to avoid having the federal government establish and enforce mandatory regulations on media content? |
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Definition
| Created industry-wide standards |
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Term
| Which of the following factors does the author NOT identify as important in the development of the mass media in the United States? |
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Definition
| The growth of an independent media. |
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Term
| Benjamin Franklin became the publisher of the New England Courant because |
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Definition
| The former publisher was imprisoned. |
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Term
| Who controlled the content of newspapers during the era of the party press? |
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Definition
| Competing political factions |
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Term
| The content of the commercial newspapers that developed after the American Revolution consisted primarily of….. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following factors made possible a dramatic shift in the content of newspapers in the early part of the nineteenth century? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 When are individuals most likely to be influence by media coverage of crime? |
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Definition
| D. When individuals are unfamiliar with the topic being covered |
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Term
| Which program(s) do young people typically identify as their main source of political information? |
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Definition
| Tonight Show with Jay Leno AND Late Night with David Letterman |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the types of journalism that Michael Schudson identifies? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four functions of the mass media, according to Harold Lasswell and Doris Graber? |
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Definition
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Term
| Events created in order to receive media coverage are referred to as |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the private functions the media provides to individuals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tool is most commonly associated with investigative journalism? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an effort to assess the impact of the news media, early research focused almost exclusively on which aspect of political behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| There is significant evidence indicating that people regularly search for ____________ information. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common and unreliable means of measuring media effects at the individual level |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a foundational assumption about the mission of the press under an authoritarian regime? |
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Definition
| Entertainment programs do not have be selected for their social values. |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a foundational assumption about the mission of the press under a democratic regime? |
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Definition
| News programs should not be selected for their audience appeal. |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the four methods by which societies attempt to control the content of the news, according to Graber? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1. According to Bennett (and Zaller), the media tends to provide one-sided information |
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Definition
| D. when policy elites are in strong agreement. |
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Term
| 2. According to the authors, when elite debate in the United States is one-sided, journalists look for alternative perspectives i |
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Definition
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Term
| 3. According to Entman, journalists are most likely to provide a broad range of perspectives when |
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Definition
| D. there is a lack of consensus among policy elites. |
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Term
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Definition
| E. Social Movement Organizations |
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Term
| 5. Some citizens may have considered foreign elite sources to be credible despite the tendency to think of such sources as non-credible because |
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Definition
| A. they agreed with the information the foreign sources provided |
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Term
| quote by Donald Rumsfeld, the Secretary of Defense during the Bush administration, would have received which numerical code? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7. The lowest level of agreement among coders was on |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. News reports that focused on the debate over wisdom of invading Iraq decreased substantially after |
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Definition
| B. Congress authorized the use force. |
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Term
| 9. The majority of news coverage of the war in Iraq was coded as |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Politicians:
a) Goal: "Get Our Story Out" want to say whatever info to the public out through the mass media. Get the info they want out
2) Journalists
a) Commercial goals: want to make a profit, large audience
b) Professional goals: independent, understand explain and interpret what is going on, independent and distinct voice in the news- want to be cool journalists
3) Citizen-voters: "Don’t waste my time"
a) Goals: tell me what I need to vote, got |
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Term
| 3) Factors that increase the accessibility of information |
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Definition
| recency, visuals, frequency, importance |
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Term
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Definition
receive and understand
accept/reject
sample- random sample of information |
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Term
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Definition
univalents and ambivalents
univalents- consistent attitude and opinons, like to counter argue; random seleciotn produces stable outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
ambivalents- inconsisten attitudes and opinions, very mixed
unlikely to counter aruge
random selectio produces unstable outcomes - swing voters |
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Term
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Definition
citizens know how and not why they voted
-not memory based, just information in
OL decision making- informaiton encounted, evaluated in real time--- just keep it for a second, judgement stored, information decays |
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Term
| differences between zaller and gussin |
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Definition
| memory based model- univalents take random samples, oversamplianting of top of the head |
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Term
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Definition
people can be manipulated/... media can implant information
example: war of the worlds. seduction of the innocent |
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Term
| a) Individuals have capacity to protect/ignore information |
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Definition
- selective exposure
selective perception
selection retention |
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Term
| opinion leaders have an influence |
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Definition
| =people can challenge themselves on view they don't belive, we are stubborn, |
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Term
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Definition
can tell us what to think about
-more coverage it recieves in the media, more important we think it is
1) positive, journalists emphaize important issues, citizens connect perceptions ot decisions of policy makers, citizens make reaosnalbe demands on policymakers
negative- emphasize unimportant issues, policymakers may address a problem that is not even a problem. example- crime rates... coverage of crime going up but crime rates going down |
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Term
news: temporary accessibility
crime dramas: chronic assessibility |
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Definition
crime dramassss csi
agenda settings/priming effects shaped by exposure ot ficional information |
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