Term
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Definition
| helped create the notion of the prototype of TV was created by Farnsworth. |
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Term
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Definition
| high school student that developed the concept for TV |
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Definition
| young executive in NBC radio (RCA) that had the vision to think TV could b something big. |
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Term
| Debut of TV at 1939 World's Fair |
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Definition
| response was "luke warm"'; sets were expensive and wasn't much to watch |
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Term
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Definition
| playing back programs at a time other than when they were being aired. |
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Term
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Definition
| watching a program without the commercials. |
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Definition
| playing back a program and fast forwarding through commericals |
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Definition
| flipping through the other channels during a dull spot or commercial to search for something more interesting to watch. |
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Term
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Definition
TV-Y: intended for anyone
TV-Y-7: children 7 and over
TV-Y7-FV: children and over with fantasy violence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| TV Ratings: TV-PG and letters associated |
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Definition
D- suggestive dialogue
L- language that is offensive
S- sexual content
V- moderate violence |
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Term
| TV Ratings: TV-14 and letter meanings |
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Definition
D- highly suggestive dialogue
L- strong offensive language
S- intense sexual situations
V- intense violence |
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Definition
L- extremely crude or indecent
S- explicit sex and/or nudity
V- graphic violence |
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Term
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Definition
| number of households watching a program |
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Term
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Definition
| provides the TV ratings for the US and Canda |
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Term
| social implications of the internet |
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Definition
Lack of Gatekeepers (anything/anyone can publish online)
Info Overload
Privacy
Escapism (loss of human contact) |
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Term
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Definition
timeliness: the date the event is discovered, not the date the event actually took place
proximity:
physical: how close to you did the event take place?
pyschological proximity
prominence: the more prominent you are, the more likely anything you do will be considered news
consequence: the more consequential, the more likely it is to be news
human interest: the more interesting/appealing the story, the more people will want to read/hear about it
deviance: the more bizarre the story, the more likely to become news |
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Term
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Definition
soft news: based on entertainment, sports, human interest.
hard news: war, economy, ect.
investigative reports: very expenisive, cutting back |
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Term
| impact of blogs on journalism |
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Definition
| blogs give people an alternative source for news; blogs are not bound by economic, corporate, political or advertising considerations |
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Term
| differences between PR and advertising |
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Definition
PR is a management function, advertising is a marketing function
advertising does not use interpersonal communication
advertising is normally sponsored; corporate advertising is used to promote a public relations program |
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Term
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Definition
| employees, managers, labor unions, stockholders |
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Term
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Definition
| consumers, government, dealers, suppliers, community members and mass media |
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Term
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Definition
PR professionals attempt to influence public opinion in a way that is positive to the client.
explain the organizations actions to various publics involved with the organization
designed to help a company set its goals and adapt to a changing environment; regularly counsel top management. |
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Term
| official definition of PR per the World Assembly of Public Relations |
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Definition
| the art and social science of analyzing trends, predicting their consequences, counseling organization leaders, and implementing planned programs of action that serve both the organization's and the public's interest. |
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Term
| where does PR tend to be practiced? |
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Definition
| business, government, and non-profit sectors |
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Term
| four stages of a typical PR campaign |
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Definition
1. information: research, gather info
2. planning: overall strategy, tactics to create buzz for the product, control the story- make product sell.
3. communication: implement the plan
4. evaluate: what happened? |
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Term
| how do PR firms make money? |
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Definition
they get a cut of whatever the whole budget is
work on retainer
flat fees
when the economy tanks, so does PR |
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Term
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Definition
| targeted at the people who buy goods and services for personal use |
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Term
| business to business advertising |
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Definition
| aimed at people who buy products for business use |
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Term
| 4 main types of business to business advertising |
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Definition
trade: advertising goods and services to wholesalers and retailers who, in turn, resell these items to a more general audience.
industrial: advertising those items that are used in the further production of goods and services.
professional: advertising aimed at doctors, lawyers, architects, nurses, ect who might influence the buying process or product in their profession.
agricultural: advertising aimed at farmers and possibly including products such as feed, fertilizer, and chemicals. |
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Term
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Definition
| advertising in my different regions of the same country; emphasis on the product/service and not so much on the place where the product or service is sold (pepsi) |
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Term
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Definition
| advertising done within one specific market, wants to attract customers to a specific or place of business. |
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Term
| Departments in a typical ad agency |
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Definition
creative services: write the advertising copy, choose the illustrations, prepare artwork, and/or supervise the scripting and production of radio, TV and Web ads.
account services: responsible for the relationship between the agency and the client.
administration: in charge of office management, clerical functions, accounting, personnel, and training of new employees. |
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Term
| six phases of a typical ad campaign |
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Definition
1. choosing the marketing strategy
2. selecting the main appeal or theme
3. translating the theme into various media.
4. producing the ads
5. buying the space and time
6. executing and evaluating the campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs during all phases of the campaign, helps agencies and their clients make informed decisions about their strategy and tactics. |
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Term
| ad research: formative research |
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Definition
done before the campaign begins to help guide the creative effort.
audience definition: identifying the target market.
audience profiling: done to discover as much as possible about how the target market lives- what they think , their attitudes, and buying habits. |
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Term
| ad research: message reseach |
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Definition
pretesting the messages that have been developed for the campaign.
determines if the audience can understand the ad
guards against double entendres and misunderstandings.
the ads are compared to see which did a better job |
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Term
| ad research: tracking studies |
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Definition
examine how the ads perform during or after the actual campaign.
has the audience's view changed? |
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Term
| how do ad agencies make money? |
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Definition
pay-for-performance deals: payments to ad agencies are based on sales or some other measure
fixed fees
flat fees+ performance based incentives |
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Term
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Definition
| Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the gov censors the press by restraining it from publishing or broadcasting material |
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Term
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Definition
| protect reporters sources. |
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Term
| freedom of information act 1966 |
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Definition
| gave the public the right to discover what the federal government was up to (with certain exceptions) |
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Term
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Definition
| publication, identification, defamation, fault |
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Term
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Definition
truth: if what was reported was proved to be true, there is no libel
privilege: certain situations in which the courts have held that the public's right to know comes before a person's right to preserve a reputation.
fair comment and criticism: any person who thrust himself into the public eye or is at the center of public attention is open to fair criticism. |
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Term
| 4 ways to invade someone's privacy |
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Definition
intrusions upon solitude: this generally occurs when reporters wrongfully use mics, cameras, and other forms of evesdropping to record someone's private actions
unauthorized release of private information: publishing something w/out the person's content
creation of a false impression: publicizing people in a false light or creating a false impression of them.
appropriation of identity: invading someone's privacy for commercial purposes without consent. |
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Term
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Definition
| unauthorized entry into someone else's territory |
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Term
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Definition
purpose: whether for profit or not
nature: what's the work about?
amount: how much is reproduced in proportion to the copyrighted work as a whole
effect: of the use on the potential market value of the work |
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Term
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Definition
| did away with the old definition of obscenity and came up with the three pronged test. also made community values local |
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Term
| three pronged test for obscenity |
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Definition
1. whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the work as a whole appealed to prurient interests.
2. whether the work depicts of describes in a patently offensive way certain sexual conduct this is specifically spelled out by state law.
3. whether the work as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. |
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Term
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Definition
| a time when indecent material could be aired without much chance of reaching children (6am to 10pm) |
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Term
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Definition
| for every moral that exists there are two extremes, you should find something in the middle (moderation) |
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Term
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Definition
| what is right is always right, regardless of any circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
| cost/benefit analysis, choose the route that maximizes the good, minimizes the bad |
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Term
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Definition
when everyone is treated equally, justice is blind.
is the act illegal, rather than the person committing the act |
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Term
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Definition
| treat people the way you want to be treated. |
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Term
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Definition
a. define the situation
b. what values are involved?
c. what ethical principles apply?
d. where does your loyalty ultimately lie? |
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Term
| 2 types of quantitative techniques used to study the effects of media |
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Definition
survey, --> panel study: special kind of survey that enables researchers to be more confident about attributing patterns of cause and effect in survey data.
experiment: performed in a lab and usually consists of the controlled manipulation of a single factor to determine its impact on another factor.--> field experiments: conducted in a real-life setting |
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Term
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Definition
| the ways in which individuals come to adopt the behavior and values of a group; a complex process extending over a number of years and involving various people and organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| long term effects of exposure to television programs |
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Term
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Definition
| long term effects of exposure to television programs |
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Term
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Definition
| differences apparently due to cultural and social factors tend to diminish among heavy TV viewers |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation in which the respondent's real-life experiences are congruent with those of the tv world, thereby leading to a great cultivation effect |
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Term
| TV ads and kids, facts (4) |
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Definition
typical child will see 20,000 commercials in a year
children are a vulnerable audience and should not be exploited by TV advertising
children, esp younger children, might be deceived by TV techniques that make products appear more desirable than they really are
long-term exposure to TV ads might have a negative effect on children's socialization as future consumers |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to choose and emphasize certain topics, thereby causing the public to perceive these issues as important |
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Term
| media and violence, effect on people |
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Definition
| a steady diet of media violence has "an adverse effect on human character and attitudes" |
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Term
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Definition
| positive behavior promoted by tv programs |
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Term
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Definition
| seeing scenes of violence will actually stimulate an individual to behave more violently afterward |
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Term
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Definition
| viewing scenes of aggression can actually purge the viewer's own aggressive feelings. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the idea is developed |
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Term
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Definition
| what you are trying to tell/show people |
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Term
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Definition
| the medium used to send the message |
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Term
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Definition
| who is receiving the message |
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Term
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Definition
| any interference; anything that hinders communication |
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Term
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Definition
| if you hear back from your receiver (instant or delayed) |
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Term
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Definition
| being distracted--cannot pay attention because you are thinking about something else. |
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Term
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Definition
| being distracted by pain or a feeling of hunger or being tired |
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Term
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Definition
| literally cannot understand what is being said to you |
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Term
| intrapersonal communication |
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Definition
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Term
| interpersonal communication |
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Definition
| communicating with another person (people) |
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Term
| small group communication |
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Definition
| a closely knit group-decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex organization with the aid of one or more machines produces and transmits public messages that are directed at a large, and scattered audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Newspapers, books, magazines, radio, sound recordings, television, internet, movies, video games. |
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Term
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Definition
| delivering a product or service directly to the consumer |
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Term
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Definition
| the blending of communication technologies, operations, or business |
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Term
| functions of the mass media: |
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Definition
| surveillance, interpretation, linkage, transmission of values, entertainment |
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Term
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Definition
| news; newspapers, news magazines and news radio. |
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Term
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Definition
| how the information is perceived by those viewing medium; read the editorials to get opinions on political candidates. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the needs of the buyers are matched up with the products of the sellers through media. |
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Term
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Definition
| how every day life is portrayed in the media |
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Term
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Definition
| coming to know something- when a person is looking at a medium and learns something new, they are looking at it in a congnitive way |
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Term
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Definition
| build a "relationship" with a person you see or hear in the media: |
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Term
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Definition
| when you use the media to "withdraw" from society |
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Term
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Definition
| writing-->printing-->telegraph-->photo-->radio-->digital |
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Term
| organization of movie industry |
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Definition
production: comes from major motion picture studios who produce the films and generate revenue w/ ticket revenue, DVD sales, pay-per-view sales or online downloads.
distribution: similar to syndicator; pick up the movie in agreement that they get a percentage: market the movie, arrange theaters to show the film. Make money by agreeing w/ production studios to share in the revenue that is produced by the movie
exhibition: movie theaters that show films/stores that sell DVDS. |
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Term
| components of the broadcast system |
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Definition
| networks, affiliate stations, syndicator, tv production houses, advertisors |
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