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Mass Com. Test 2
Ch. 2, 14, 15 and notes
36
Journalism
Undergraduate 1
09/30/2013

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Cards

Term
Where did Media Effects Begin?
Definition
WWI Propaganda. Both American and German posters suggested that God was on their side.
Term
What is the difference between Hot and Cold media?
Definition

Hot: Requires more attention.(Newspaper)

Cold: Requires less attention.(TV/ Radio)

Term
What are the three types of media effects?
Definition
  1. Powerful effects
  2. Minimal effects
  3. Mixed effects
Term
Types of powerful effects?
Definition
  • Bullet Theory(Hypodermic Needle): media sends message directly, has much influence
  • Pictures in our heads- (don't think of elephants)
Term
What is the minimal effect?
Definition

The two-step flow- there are experts on different media they follow.

Media →Expert→Reciever

Term
Mixed Effects
Definition
Media effects different people in different ways at different times.
Term
Agenda-Setting Theory
Definition

Media sets the subject-what people talk about.

Doesnt tell you what to think; tells you what to think about.

Term
Uses and Gratifications
Definition

Why we use mass media:

Surveillance, Diversion, Socialization

Term
Parasocial Interaction
Definition
A fan's "relationship" with a media figure
Term
Social learning theory
Definition
Media help us learn how we are supposed to act and behave
Term
Gatekeeping
Definition

Mass Media decide what we are going to think about.

(decides what people see/don't see)

Term
Third-person effect
Definition
You believe that mass media effect you less than other people
Term
Cultivation Theory
Definition
We think the world is more dangerous than it really is
Term
Cumulative effects theory
Definition
Idea that after multiple views, media effect builds over time
Term
Consistency theory
Definition
We choose media that reinforce our beliefs
Term
Individual differences theory
Definition
Media effect different people in different ways depending on who you are
Term
Mass comm. research
Definition
Helps figure out the feedback from S.M.C.R.
Term
Media research types
Definition
  1. Theoretical research
  2. Applied research
  3. Measure Audience size and characteristics
  4. Public opinion
Term
Theoretical research
Definition
ground work in order to explain things later on. Allowing others to build on it.
Term
Applied research
Definition
  • Technology
  • Policy- make decisions in the public eye
  • Opinion- determining whether you like the product or not
Term
Measurement of audience size and characteristics
Definition
  • Radio- Arbitron
  • Television- Nielson
  • Internet- ComScore
  • Newspaper/Magazines- Alliance for Audited Media
Term
384
Definition
Magic polling #:results will be within 5 percentage points of "reality" 95% of the time.
Term

Confidence Interval

(Margin of Error)

Definition
+/- figure that tells you the range of where reality is
Term
Confidence Level
Definition
How sure you can be that reality is within the confidence interval
Term
Poll Types
Definition

Straw polls- random selection (online surveys)

Focus Groups- small group brought together w/ facilitator

Term
The first amendment
Definition
freedom of religion, speech, press, assemble, petition
Term
The Balancing effect
Definition

balance freedom of speech/press against values.

(flag burning, censorship, public endangerment)

Term
Defemation
Definition
Lieing about someone publicly
Term
Libel
Definition
Printed something untrue
Term
Slander
Definition
Spoken something untrue
Term
What must private figures have in order to sue for defemation?
Definition
  1. Published
  2. Identification
  3. Inaccurate
  4. Hurt reputation
Term
What must public figures have in order to sue for defemation?
Definition
  1. Published
  2. Identified
  3. Inaccurate
  4. Hurt reputation
  5. Actual Malice-(reckless diregard for the truth)
Term
Personal Rights
Definition
  • Fair comment
  • right to privacy
Term
Intellectual property rights
Definition

The fixed form of the idea is protected

-copyright & music piracy

Term
News-Gathering rights
Definition

Freedom of information Act- govt. info should be available

-sunshine law

-shield law

Term
Questions to ask when making "ethical" decisions?
Definition
  1. What's your problem?
  2. Why not follow the rules?
  3. Who wins, who loses?
  4. What's it worth?
  5. Who's whispering in your ear?
  6. How's it going to look?
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