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| your eyes can put together still images into moving one |
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| (1824) Developed the idea of Persistence of Vision |
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| believed he could create a moving picture via the rapid succession of still photographs |
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| (1879) technology developed by Eadward Muybridge that created a motion picture via the rapid succession of still photos. |
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| (1889)created a flexible form of celluloid film. |
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| (1890) Founder of Kodak. Created a flexible form of celluloid film. |
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| Traveling actor and musicians performing comedy shows |
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| (1880) A private viewer one looked into to watch a short movie; developed by Thomas Edison. |
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| (1890's) Directors of documentaries or other films depicting realism. |
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First director to depict fantasy or magic in film. A Trip to the Moon (1902)
Narrative Films: Films that tell stories. |
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| (1902) Film developed by George Melies. One of his many fantastical or narrative films. |
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| A cheap theater to view a film (nickel). formed due to urbanization and a higher demand for low cost entertainment |
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| Created the "Montage". The Great Train Robbery (1903) was the first film to use this technique. |
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| (1903) An Edwin S. Porter film that utilized the film technique of Montage. |
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| (1915) Another montage film created by DW Griffith. Continuity editing was first utilized in this film. |
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| technique used to edit a film to make it look like it was not edited. |
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| Created Birth of a Nation (1915). First to master Continuity editing.Another Montage director. |
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| Developed the Cathode Ray Tube. Precursor to television. Awarded the Noble Price in Physics |
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| Worked for RCA in research and development. Invented the iconoscope. |
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| First TV camera tube to convert light rays into electrical signals. |
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| Transmitted the first electronic TV picture in 1927. Received the first TV patent in 1927. |
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| Image would be scanned using electrons. You can move electron ray. |
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| National Televisions Systems Committee |
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| outlined industrywide manufacturing practices and compromising on technical standards. |
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| FCC Analog Television Standard |
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| In 1941, the FCC adopted the Analog Standard, based on radio waves. The USA used analog signals until 2009. |
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| (1948) Interference between different TV stations. FCC stopped giving out licenses. Broadcast empires form. |
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| Originally, CBS color systems were only compatible with color movies. RCA's more compatible color system adopted in 1954. |
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| Ultra High Frequency-referring to Television. |
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| nonprofit channels primarily on UHF. 1 nonprofit channel for every 4 licenses. |
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| A sponsor paid for an entire program. Advertisements were aired. |
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| Executive for NBC. Limited the power of sponsorship: Increased show length to 30min, created everyday show, specials, magazine concept. |
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| Created by Pat Weaver. A long, elaborate production that aired every Sunday. Very expensive for any sponsor to pay for. |
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| Created by Pat Weaver. Multiple advertisers pay for a single TV program. Advertising Spots. |
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| Introduced by Pat Weaver. Advertisers pay the network for 30- or 60-second time slots. |
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| Game shows were rigged to boost viewer ratings and please advertisers/sponsors. People became suspicious of network TV. |
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| Contestant on "Twenty-One". Accused of being fed answers from the producers. Quiz Show Scandal. |
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| The Big Three broadcast networks dictated virtually every trend in programing. Accounted for 95% of all prime-time viewing. |
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| The way elements of evening television fit together. How the three levels work together to create an interesting schedule. |
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| Prime Time Access Rule (PTAR) |
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| (1970) Prime time runs from 7-11, local stations get 7-8 spot. 22 hours of prime time per week. |
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| Financial Interest and Syndication Rules (Fin-Syn) |
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| "In House" Production: Only a certain # of hours were owned by networks. Production companies owned syndication rights. |
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| off-network syndication (re-runs). Available to anyone. First-Run Syndication. |
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| Production Companies sell program for a low price in hopes of making it back in syndication.Barrier to entry. |
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| Difficult to enter TV production business because of the deficits one will incur before syndication. |
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| What we think of as syndication today as reruns of TV shows on a separate network. |
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| Production company never makes a deal with any network. Up-for-grabs. Usually for cheaper programs that don't cost much to produce. |
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| Syndicator offers program to highest bidder in the market. Exclusive Rights. |
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| Syndicator retains some advertising slots, charges less for the program. |
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| syndicator gives program in exchange for a portion of advertising revenue. |
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Measure:
Households tuned in to TV program/
All households with a television |
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Households tuned into a television show/
All households watching television |
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| Company takes ratings and measurements and sells them. Nielson households have either a people counter or diary. |
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| Meter attached to a television to record how much TV someone watches. 12,000 PM households. |
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| In some areas, there will be a set of people meters telling us local viewership |
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| Designated Market Access (DMA) |
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| An area of a country split up designated a set amount of television viewers |
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| "Crew". paid wages for their work, make up 40% of total costs of production. |
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| "Talent". Paid residuals: % of total show profit. Make up 60% of production costs |
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| Makes the television programs |
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| Moved from radio to television (NBC, CBS) Make their money through national advertising. |
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| Paid by the networks to carry their programs. Sell Local advertising. Clearance Rules |
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| Affiliates are responsible to the FCC, not the networks. |
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| Abbreviation for TV. Community Antenna Television |
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Bandwidth: How much can go through this pipe.Produced by AT&T and Bell Labs.
1935: 1MHz cable from NYC-PHL
1944: 7MHz cable SYSTEM |
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| Developed in the late 1950s. Works by "line of sight." (Earth is Round) |
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| (1962) First American communication satellite developed by AT&T and NASA. |
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| Independent TV stations uplinked to a satellite such as WGN in Chicago. |
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| Multiple System Operator. Comcast and Verizon |
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| providing of specialized programming for diverse and fragmented groups |
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| Local programming or announcements, such as the weather. |
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| (November 8, 1972) Cable premium channel. origin or "pay" television. |
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| (1963) Wired pay television available over cable. Pay-per-view. Pat Weaver, President. |
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| (Zenith 1949)Pay TV available over phone line. |
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| (August 1, 1981) Available only on cable. |
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| A film camera records a live TV show off a studio monitor. Only way to preserve a live broadcast. Not many have survived. |
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| Short comedy skits. Resurrected the essentials of stage variety entertainment. Saturday Night Live. |
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| Features a recurring cast; each episode establishes a narrative situation and resolves the complications that result. |
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| Today, dramatic comedies are almost a mix of dramatic and comedic elements. |
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| Brought live dramatic theater to the elite television audience. The Twilight Zone. |
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| Main characters continue from week to week, sets remain the same, and technical crews stay with the program. |
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| Episodic Series. Self-contained stories with recurring characters who confront a problem, face a series of problems, and find a resolution. |
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| Open-ended episodic shows. Most story lines continue from episode to episode. |
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| 80% of product purchases are made by 20% of the consumer base (Fans) |
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| 2700 BC. Plant reeds from Egypt. First paper allowing us to record things |
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| Treated animal skin that was more permanent than papyrus |
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| 4th century AD. Pages cut into sleeves and sewn together, bound with wood covered in leather. Replaces scrolls |
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| 400-1400.Illuminated manuscripts, very colorful, contained pictures, hand copied, considered elite during this time. |
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| ~1446. Led to the Rise of Protestantism. Allowed individuals to have their own bible. Preserve, Standardize, Mass Produce. |
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| (mid-late 19th century) Created by Erastus and Irwin Beadle. |
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| (1880s) Ottmar Mergenthaler. Makes it easier to mass produce books. |
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