Term
| in the 1920s researchers concerned about the influence of watching motion pictures on juvenile delinquency, received |
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Definition
| private funding for research |
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Term
| in the 1960's-70's public funding for social research on violence in the media was |
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Definition
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Term
| in the 1980s and ‘90s public funds for social research on mass communication also began to |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of media messages on audience members are usefully classified into three major realms. what are they? |
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Definition
| Behavorial(hardest to change), emotional and cognitive (easiest to change) |
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Term
| More research has been conducted on media violence than on any of the other questions. True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| About 60 years of research suggested that exposure to media violence accounts for what percent of agression in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| viewing Sesame Street accounts for about ____percent of a child’s measurable readiness for school. |
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Definition
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Term
People vary in numerous ways that we can measure quantitatively.
For example: |
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Definition
| Age in years and Height in inches |
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Term
| The correlation coefficient is a statistic that captures the |
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Definition
| (linear) relationship between two (or more) variables |
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Term
| The square of the correlation coefficient for two measured variables |
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Definition
| describes how much information can be known about one of the variables solely by knowing the value of the other variable. |
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Term
| Mathematical correlation between two variables (is/ is not) sufficient evidence to conclude that one variable is causing the other. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two things to keep in mind when evaluating correlations: |
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Definition
| Time order(x) could be causing the observed variation in (y), or vice versa. |
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Term
| Observed variation in (x) and (y) could be due to |
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Definition
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Term
| By convention, scientists agree that a computed correlation is significant if it would not have occurred by chance more than |
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Definition
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Term
| Statisticians have constructed tables listing the known probabilities that correlations of given magnitude and sample size are |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists can determine the significance of a particular correlation they have computed by comparing it with |
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Definition
| those known probabilities |
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Term
| Even though the contributory role of TV on human aggression is small, the American Academy of Pediatrics advises parents to |
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Definition
limit children’s TV viewing to no more than two hours of “quality” programming a day
discourage television viewing for children younger than two years of age
forbid television sets in children’s bedrooms or other locations where they might engage in unsupervised viewing |
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Term
| How did scientists and health practitioners arrive at such recommendations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientific thinking about the effects of mass-media messages on audiences can be divided into |
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Definition
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Term
| Powerful Media Effects 1. Historical Context |
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Definition
| a legacy of fear emerged after WWI rumors |
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Term
| Powerful Media Effects 2. Theoretical perspective |
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Definition
| Early media researchers assumed that humans were governed by instincts and reacted to mass-media in similar ways |
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Term
| Powerful Media Effects 3. Evidence (The Payne Fund Studies ) |
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Definition
| the first major investigation into the social effects of entertainment media |
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Term
| Powerful Media Effects 4. Social intervention |
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Definition
| The production code was strengthned to prohibit gangsters from being portrayed favorably in movies |
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Term
| LIMITED MEDIA EFFECTS 1. Historical context |
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Definition
| Unexpected reactions to a 1938 radio show |
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Term
| Limited media effects 2. Theoretical perspective |
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Definition
| audience members act in individual ways |
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Term
| Limited media effects 3. evidence |
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Definition
| War of the worlds broadcast on radio caused panic |
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Term
| 2 step flow of communication |
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Definition
MASS MEDIA
OPINION LEADERS
PUBLIC |
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Term
| In the aftermath of both the War of the Worlds broadcast and the Erie County voting study, the role of personal influence was considered to be |
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Definition
| more important than exposure to mass-media messages |
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Term
The great comic book scare
What
When
Who |
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Definition
What:a link between reading comic books and child behavior
When:1940's and 50's
Who:Dr. Frederic Wertham |
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Term
| Two government investigations during the late 1960s provided important scientific data on television and human aggression |
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Definition
National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence (1969)
The Surgeon General’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Television and Social Behavior (1971) |
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Term
| who answered the question How prevalent was violence in television shows? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
80 percent of prime-time dramatic programs portrayed violence
60 percent of prime-time characters portrayed violence |
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Term
| More important, Dr. Gerbner found that |
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Definition
50 percent of portrayed killers suffered no portrayed consequences
most violent portrayals involved instrumental violent acts committed by strangers |
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Term
| Dr. Gerbner also analyzed cartoons, and found that |
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Definition
| 93 percent portrayed violence. |
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Term
| By convention, scientists agree that a difference between mean observations in an experimental group and mean observations in a control group (O1 – O2) is significant if that difference would not have occurred by chance alone more |
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Definition
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Term
SYMBOLIC CATHARSIS
Theorist: History: |
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Definition
Dr. Seymour Feshbach
Catharsis has a long intellectual heritage (Aristotle) |
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Term
| How did Dr. Feshbach think catharsis might work in the context of media violence? |
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Definition
| He predicted that exposure to media violence would purge or sublimate aggressive drives |
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Term
| What, then, should happen in the psychological laboratory if Dr. Feshbach were correct? |
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Definition
| Exposure to media violence should lower aggression in angered humans. |
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Term
INSTIGATION (AGGRESSIVE CUES)
Theorist:
History
How does it work? |
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Definition
Dr. Leonard Berkowitz
Conditioning to agressive cues
environmental cues trigger agression |
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Term
EXCITATION TRANSFER
Theorist:
History:
How does it work? |
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Definition
Dr. Dolf Zillmann
Psychological study of emotion
Certain media depictions (e.g., suspense, violence, sex) cause emotional arousal. |
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Term
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING (MODELING)
Theorist:
History:
How does it work? |
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Definition
Dr. Albert Bandura
A subset of general learning theory
Humans learn by cognitively integrating witnessed behaviors, such as those depicted on television. |
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