Term
| Gutenberg and moveable type: significance? |
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Definition
| more books, more access, more ideas led to birth of MASS COMM |
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Term
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Definition
| no fairness; "kangaroo court"; crime was publishing something that hurt gov. or king |
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Term
| forms of colonional communication |
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Definition
| town meetings, town pump, fairs, taverns, coffee houses, sermons |
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Term
| first colonional newspaper and by who. describe |
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Definition
| Publick Occurances, Both Foreign and Domestick - Ben Harris. only 1 issue - criticized king and was shut down |
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Term
| seditious libel? punishments? |
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Definition
| intent to harm gov or king. punishment: drawn and quartered, hung, tortured (William Twinn) |
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Term
| peter zenger trial; significane to press freedom? |
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Definition
| did not change law YET. but decided that you should not be punished for telling truth even if it harmed gov or king. let to more freedom |
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Term
| stamp act of 1765 and reaction of printers and editors |
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Definition
| all papers and docs must have stamp. pissed off printers and lawyers most. repealed in '66. printed word has POWER - mass media |
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Term
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Definition
| coservatives, loyal to england, didn't want change, wealthy |
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Term
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Definition
| new 'dangerous' ideas, wanted to seperate from england |
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Term
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Definition
| moderated, wanted england to reform, didn't want revolution |
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Term
| types of propoganda and describe each |
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Definition
| newspapers (most important, came out frequently, widely read, ben franklin), pamphlets (aimed at elite, highly influential, Tom Paine's Common Sense), broadsides (posters, aimed at lower class, boston massacre), oratory (speeches, sermons, Patrick Henry), committe of correspondence (circulated letters), books (not effective - too slow). |
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Term
| views on freedom of press during rev. war |
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Definition
Patriots intolerant of opposing views.
Samuel adams - loyalty oaths
Patriots mobs - destroyed Tory presser
Tory papers were more balanced - less emotion |
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Term
| role of press in Party Press |
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Definition
| support party & candidates |
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Term
| how Party Press was funded |
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Definition
| $$ support, gov. printing contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| political info top priority; no local reporters; mostly personal attacks - led to "PERSONAL JOURNALISM" |
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Term
| Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 |
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Definition
| silenced DR's at first, BUT then DR's used press to sway public opinion and Jefferson was elected leading to backlash against A&S acts |
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Term
| personal attacks in Party Press? |
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Definition
| Hamilton insulted Burr, Andrew Jackson called 'Jackass', JQ Adams called 'fancy pants' |
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Term
| constituation debate and Federalist Papers? |
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Definition
| growing importance of pub opinion - more papers. "The Federalist Papers" - NY Independent Journal by Madison, Hamilton, Jay |
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Term
| who were Federalists and anti Federalists (DR's)? names and papers? |
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Definition
Federalists - Adams, Hamilton: Gazette of the U.S.
DR's - Jefferson, Madison: National Gazette |
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Term
| what happened in Hamilton, Burr duel? |
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Definition
| VP killed Sec of Tres; Hamilton insulted Burr in newspaper article |
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Term
| Penny Press: price, distribution, content |
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Definition
price: 1 cent
distribution: vendors
content: politically indpendent, simple easy read, sensationalistic (crime, scandal) |
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Term
| why did Penny Press develop? |
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Definition
people had more political and economical stake in society = more info.
mass society = mass media |
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Term
| Penny Press writers and papers |
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Definition
| Benjamin Day (NY Sun), James Gordon Bennett (NY Herald), Horace Greely (NY Tribune), Henry (NY Times) |
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Term
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Definition
| New York Sun - Benjamin Day |
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Term
| how did New York Times differ from other Penny Press papers? |
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Definition
| brought respectablity, got rid of sensationalism; would not "soil the dinner table" |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-slavery; 'go-west' Greely; published Karl Marx, female writers, free former slaves -- VERY INFLUENTIAL |
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Term
| cheif contributers and innovations of Penny Press |
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Definition
1. brough in new class of readers
2. expanded definition of news
3. innovations in gathering news
4. innovations in distribution |
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Term
| Antebellum Press writer Garrison describe |
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Definition
| The Liberator; favored freedom of slaves and was hated by south slave owners. Allowed free blacks and black women to write about slavery. Georgia offered $4,000 reward for him and $1,500 for anyone caught distributing |
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Term
| Antebellum Press writer Lovejoy describe |
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Definition
| minister wrote St. Louis Observer and Alton Observer. against slavery, ran out of STL; mobs destroyed office, killed him. -- free speech movement |
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Term
| Black Press - Freedom's Journal - who wrote it and content? |
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Definition
| Cornish and Russworm. opposed slavery; education and employement issues. shut down after financial trouble |
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Term
| Black Press - North Star - who wrote it and content? |
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Definition
| Frederick Douglas. most influential; supported womens equality; publication was suspended |
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Term
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Definition
| radical opposition to abolitionists |
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Term
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Definition
| Charleston Mercury. supported slavery and seccesion from the Union |
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Term
| Northern Papers - writers and names? |
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Definition
| NY Tribune - Horace Greely; NY Times (no official stance on slavery until Civil War, then anti-slavery); Chicago Tribune (pro-Union, anti-slavery, supporter of Lincoln) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| northern newspapers on the Civil War content? |
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Definition
| some good, some bad -- unreliable |
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Term
| types of censorship in Civil War |
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Definition
1. reporters could be executed for treason
2. controls on telegraph
3. accreditation - had to have permission to be reporter |
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Term
| south coverage of Civil War |
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Definition
| much more unity (unlike north). editors supported war efforts. war was closer to home (easier to cover). |
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Term
| challenged of south coverage of Civil War |
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Definition
1. reporters had little access to front line
2. Pres Davis had censorship power over telgraphs
3. postmasters could open and censor mail
4. Greely's reporters captured and held for 2 yrs |
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Term
| How did journalism change the Civil War? *** |
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Definition
1. expectation of immediacy and timeliness
2. news became 'newsier' - more serious
3. public expected pictures in news |
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