Term
| Definition of Communication |
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Definition
Social interaction through message
Viewed mass communication as one-way transmission
Sometimes called the "hupodermic needle" model of the "injection" model
Based on the belief of media's potential to affect many people in the same way |
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| Intrapersonal Communication |
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Definition
| Communication within ones self |
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Term
| Interpersonal Communication |
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Definition
| Transmission of info through verbal or noverbal |
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Definition
| 1 sided communication unequal |
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Definition
Someone using technology to send messages
Large audiences
Anonymous to sender
Nationally broadcast
Low interaction
Diverse |
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Term
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Definition
S-sender (encoding)
M-message
C- channel (decoding)
R- reciever |
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Term
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Definition
| Interference or anything getting in the way of the message is recieved |
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Definition
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Definition
| Now audience members interupt the meaning |
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Term
| 4 Demensions of media literacy |
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Definition
1.Cognitive Demension- Process information communcated by media.
2.Emotional demension- The feelings creatied by media messages.
3. Asthetic demension- Interpreting media from an artistic or critical point of view.
4. Moral demension- Think about the values being communicated. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Prievetly owned by small business
2. Long traditin of privetly owned
3. Benjamin Franklin operated first successful paper. |
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Term
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Definition
Penny Press
1. Supported through advertising
2. Read by large numbers of people |
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Term
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Definition
1. Government plays vegulatory role.
2. Telegraph set stage for private ownership |
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Term
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Definition
1. Time Warner
2. Disney
3. Viacom
4. Berteismann
5. News (Corp)
6. Gerneral Electric |
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Term
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Definition
| Control of all stages of the process |
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Term
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Definition
| Combo of effects that is greater then the sum of individual effects |
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Definition
| Smaller business reaching larger audiences |
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Definition
| Large business reaching a small amoung of people |
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Term
| First Successful news paper |
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Definition
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Definition
| Focuses on how and why audience members use the media |
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Term
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Definition
| A topic covered by the media can make the topic important, regardless of the subject |
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Term
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Definition
| How audience members derive and create meaning out of media content |
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Term
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Definition
1450s-movable type
1814-steam-powered printing
1844- Telegraph
1881s-Gramophone
1890s-Television
1990s-Internet |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to people's understanding of, What the media are
How they operate
What messages they are delivering
What roles they play in society
How audience members respond to the messages |
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Term
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Definition
Privetly owned and operated for profit
Long tradition of privete ownership |
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Term
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Definition
Solidified the U.S. news industry
Were suppored through advertising revenue rather, then subscriptions
Read by large numers of people |
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Term
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Definition
| Followed the history of private media owndership in the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
More media choices today
Fewer companies providing content
A majority of the media output in the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed out of fear about propaganda |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of media effects (4) |
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Definition
Cognitive
Attitudial
Behavioral
Phychological |
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Term
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Definition
| Short-term learning of information |
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Term
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Definition
| Feelings about a product,individual or idea based on media content |
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Term
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Definition
| Clipping a coupon, buying a product or voting |
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Term
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Definition
| Feelings of fear,joy,relaxation or catharsis elicited by media content |
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Term
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Definition
Studies media content as effect rather than cause
Reverses the order of traditional media research |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Economic
Social
Cultural
Educational
Political
Entertainment |
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Term
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Definition
| The media don’t tell people what to think, but they do tell them what to think about |
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Term
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Definition
| Albert Bandura: People learn by observing what others do; children model their parents |
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Definition
Studies interactions based on language
Says media are biggest source of shared meanings |
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Term
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Definition
Studies how public opinion is formed
Says people who believe they are in the minority are reluctant to voice their opinions
Result is no diversity of ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| belief the world is a more dangerous place than it really is |
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Definition
| belief that one’s country and culture are better than all others |
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Definition
| Belief that anyone can achieve anything, despite the odds |
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Definition
| emphasis on authority and people at the top rather than people at the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| distrust of radicalism or extreme behaviors and opinions |
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Term
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Definition
| The candidate’s success depends in part on how well his or her basic message resonates with voters’ pre-existing political feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Campaigns are a competition for the hearts and minds of voters |
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Term
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Definition
| Selecting, organizing and interpreting communication in order to give it personal meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| How our minds process and store simple to complex information |
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Term
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Definition
• before communication has happened
• choosing to consume some messages and avoiding others |
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Term
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Definition
while communication is happening
• focusing on some messages and tuning out others |
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Term
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Definition
• after communication
• remembering some messages and forgetting others |
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Term
| Ways we organize information (3) |
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Definition
1. Closure—filling in missing information
2. Proximity—grouping things or people that are physically close to each other
3. Similarity—Grouping things or people that
resemble each other |
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Term
| Ways we Interpret Information (4) |
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Definition
1. Perceptual set—a fixed, predetermined view of events, objects, people
2. Stereotyping—categorizing events, objects, people without regard for individual differences
3. Attribution error—mistaking the reason for another person’s behavior as dispositional rather than situational
4.Ethnocentrism—belief that one’s own
culture is superior to another culture, rather than
just different |
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Term
| Personal-social continuum |
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Definition
| Scale along which we see ourselves as individuals or as members of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental picture of ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| How we feel about ourselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-lasting ideals that guide our behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Evaluate feelings or position
whether something is good or bad |
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Term
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Definition
Conviction or confidence in the truth of something
• whether something is true or false
• not based on absolute proof
• some beliefs more important than |
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Term
| Communication apprehension |
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Definition
| Fear of communicating with others |
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Term
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Definition
| When our expectations create conditions that result in predicted outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Creating a positive image of ourselves to influence others |
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Term
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Definition
| Verbal and non-verbal ways we behave in order to maintain our presenting image |
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Term
| Individualistic orientation |
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Definition
Values the “I”
• personal goals and achievements
• self-interest
• Western cultures |
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Term
| Collectivistic orientation |
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Definition
Values the “we”
• group goals and achievements
• group interest
• Eastern cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| Biological category based on anatomy and physiology (female or male) |
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Term
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Definition
| Social category (woman or man) |
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