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| which outlined the need for fair and impartial reporting, was published in 1923 by the American Society of Newspaper Editors |
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| The American Association of Advertising Agencies |
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| with a code that established false and misleading advertising as unethical |
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| limited the sex and violence that could be portrayed in movies. This was a precursor to today’s movie rating system. |
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| paying a DJ to play your song |
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| used to keep communist sympathizers out of media |
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| there is a right or wrong choice for everything |
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| stipulate specific behaviors to be followed |
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| tells things that SHOULDNT bedone |
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| nothing should be published without a second independent conformation |
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| categorical imperative which has influenced the development of media ethics |
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| veil of ignorance that prevents them from recognizing distinctions of social stature or economic class. |
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| ethical choices can be made rationally without a rigid adherence to a predetermined set of rules. Situation ethics are sometimes called relativistic ethics. |
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| golden mean, a midpoint between extremes, has become a guiding principle of situational media ethics as practitioners navigate a daily path between their professional needs and those of society. |
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| ulitarian principle...behavior is that which is useful in generating the greatest good for the greatest number of people. |
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| the ends justify the means |
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| Enlightened self-interest |
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| if you do what is right for yourself, it will also be right for the rest of the world in the long run |
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| Television companies developed these departments |
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| Standards and Practices to oversee the ethics of their programming. |
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| oversee other employee’s ethical behavior and answer reader complaints. |
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| those members of the general population who form associations to exert influence on the media. Media practitioners call them “pressure groups |
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| banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mail |
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| which once again made it illegal to criticize the government, through Congress. |
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| upheld the censorship of ideas considered injurious to the war effort. |
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| made any criticism of Woodrow WIlson's administration illegal |
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was aimed at the Communist Party of the U.S. and led to the imprisonment of several member of that party during the 1950s.
made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government |
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| was created for broadcast controls. The FCC considers material indecent if it is “offensive to community standards for broadcasting.” Indecency is legal for print media… not for broadcast |
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| knowing something is false and saying it anyways |
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| the government punishes individuals guilty of criminal acts. |
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| disputes between private parties are resolved. |
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| derives from documents written by the founders of a country or state. The U.S. Constitution prevails, which means that any state or local law that contradicts the First Amendment cannot be legally implemented |
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| based on the collection of laws written by legislative bodies, such as the U.S. Congress, state legislature, county commission and city councils. Almost all criminal law, such as the prohibition against mailing obscene materials, is statutory. |
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| made up of the rules and regulations of governmental agencies such as the FCC, FTC, and the Federal Election Commission (FEC). |
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| area of privacy law protects against the disclosure of embarrassing, sensitive personal information that is not essential to a news story. Most plaintiffs, however, lose private fact cases. |
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| any type of communication that is false and injures the reputation of an individual. |
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| defamation that appears in transitory form, such as speech. |
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| published or broadcast defamation |
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| llows copying of a work for noncommercial use as long as it does not interfere with sales or other exploitation by the copyright holder. |
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| What was former beatle george harrison found giult of? |
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| word, symbol, or device - or combination of the three - that identify one seller’s goods and distinguishes them from goods sold by others. Names like Jell-O, Walkman and Xerox, and symbols such as Microsoft’s Windows logo and Playboy’s bunny are registered trademarks. |
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| open meeting laws, ensure that public meetings are conducted in open sessions where the press can report on them |
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| The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) |
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| federal law to ensure pen documents. It requires federal agencies to list all their documents and provide them for news agencies on request. “Top secret” documents or documents that would violate privacy laws are exempt from FOIA. |
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| designed to ensure confidentiality of news sources. |
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| including ideas and facts that backup the ideas about the meaning and correct course of government is the most protected |
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| which includes creative work such as painting, dance and literature. |
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| trial is postponed until publicity dies down |
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| when juries are protected to shield them from press influence. |
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| judge's telling the jury not to read or listen to the press |
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| the PERSONAL level to which media affects our lives |
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| the hidden impacts of media operates at this level, also called the cultural level |
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There is no one mass communication theory
Mass communication theories are often borrowed from other fields of science
Mass communication theories are human constructions
Mass communication theories are dynamic |
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| a theory that summarizes and is consistent with all known facts— |
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| a fundamental, even radical, rethinking of what we believe to be true |
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| people who initially consume media content, interpret it, and then pass it on to |
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| people model (copy) behaviors they see and that modeling happens through imitation, the direct replication of an observed behavior, and identification, where observers do not copy exactly what they have seen but make a more generalized but related response |
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| Uses and Gratification Theory |
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| claimed that media do not do things to people; rather people do things with media (watch ESPN so you can talk about football) |
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argues that media may not tell us what to think, but media certainly tell us what to think about
(top of page) |
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television “cultivates” or constructs a reality of the world that, although possibly inaccurate, is accepted because the culture believes it to be true
(the more you watch crime shows, the more likely you'll think crime is happening around you) |
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| Argued that free speech could be limited if the words could be dangerous |
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| What was significant about the 1919 Su |
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| Ad Hoc Balancing of Intrests |
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| certain factors determine how much freedom the press should have |
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| argued that sex and obscenity werent synonymous |
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| language that depicts sexual or excretory activities in a way that is offensive to contemporary standards |
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| How does the FCC define obscene language |
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| Social Responsibility Theory |
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| Media should be self regulating under the framework of the law |
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| generalized theories, rules, and principles |
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| generalized theories, rules, and principles |
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| people best remember things that are consistent with their preexsisting beliefs |
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| helps explain the cultural importance of Mass Communication |
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| The idea that the media are corrupting influences and that “average” people are defenseless against their influence |
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| religion, politics, art, and the mass media (non Marxists) |
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| gives things meanings and that meaning controls their behavior |
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| requires no reading ability, it is free and can be consumed by all ages |
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| How is Telivision fundamentally much different than other media? |
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