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Martin
Pain
32
Medical
Graduate
03/14/2011

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Term
free nerve endings
Definition
A-delta (lightly myelianted) C fibers (non-myelinated) with free nerve endings that are widely divergent; periphery
Term
adequate stimuli versus specific stimuli
Definition
one theory states there needs to be enough stimulus; one theory states specific stimulus for specific receptors (the prevalent model)
Term
algogenic substances
Definition
concentration of potassium (released during cell damage)
prostaglandins (tissue injury)
bradykinin
5-HT
H+
Histamine (mast cells)
ATP
Term
distribution of pain receptors
Definition
C fibers have large receptive field
GI pain fibers are only activated by expansion
no pain --lungs, pia, liver, spleen
Term
substance P
Definition
a peptide that is secreted by 1st order nerve endings (pain fibers do this in the periphery) this attracts immune cells, triggers release of Mast Cell granules, causes increased avscular permeability and mast cell degranulation and chemotaxis
Term
afferent response of thermoreceptor
Definition
reaches a maximum level at around 42 degrees celsius, responds more quickly to temperature rise than do nociceptors, but nociceptors maintain a an increasing firing rate as temp rises
Term
vanilloid receptors on A-delta and C fibers
Definition
calcium ion channel --Capsaicin binds to a site on the inside of the membrane and allows calcium to move through channel
Term
marijuana cannabinoids
Definition
blocks vanilloid capsacin receptor
Term
VR-2 receptors
Definition
Term
Does ALS localize pain well?
Definition
no, crude touch
Term
where does visceral pain exist?
Definition
in the middle of the dorsal columns
Term
midline myelotomy
Definition
treats visceral pain, disruption of visceral pain pathway that exists between the two fasciculus gracilis
Term
somatotopic structure of pain pathways
Definition
same organization as dorsal column structure, additional homunculi represented in secondary somatic sensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex
Term
layer 4 of 3b (look in Purves for info)
Definition
cross talk between the layers of cortex and areas of cortex and this determines the feature extraction
Term
lesion of SI;
Definition
tactile agnosias, astereognosis and topagnosia (localization loss)
Term
localized lesion in SII
Definition
affects the way we respond to and recognition of stimulus
Term
describe plasticity of SI
Definition
can expand or contract the area it devotes to corresponding areas of homunculus due to differential stimulation
Term
one explanation of chronic pain
Definition
break down of endogenous pain regulation from high centers; descending fiber/interneuron inhibition
Term
nociception versus pain
Definition
nociception = stimulus
pain is the interpretation
Term
pain may be incorrectly localized
Definition
referred pain occurs because pain stimulus of organs is also carried by fibers that are dedicated to cutaneous pain
Term
endogenous pain control systems
Definition
somatosensory cortex --> hypothalamus and amygdala --> PAG --> parabracheal nucleus, medullary reticular formation, locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus --> dorsal horn of spinal cord
Term
descending tracts excites interneuron to inhibit second order neuron in dorsal horn from being excited. It does this by the action of what NT?
Definition
enkephalins
Term
SCNS and gate control theory of pain
Definition
A/B fiber mechanoreceptor stimulus suppresses pain stimulus by competing with it via interneuron stimulation that inhibits second order excitation
Term
hypnosis
Definition
repatterning?
Term
acupuncture
Definition
opiate dependent or nonopiate dependent
Term
stress-induced analgesia
Definition
response of CNS to release opioid like substances to dull pain in stress response
Term
antidromic liberation of substance P
Definition
causes arthritis
Term
osteopathic manipulation and redistribution of afferent neural activity
Definition
duhhhh!
Term
peripheral sensitization
Definition
the effect of algogenic substances on the level of depolarization of receptor resulting in lower threshold for adequate stimulus
Term
allodynia
Definition
occurs after central sensitization
what would normally be non-painful, becomes painful as 2nd order neurons that are normally stimulated by nociceptors become over-sensitive to other stimulation
Term
central sensitization
Definition
2nd order neurons activated by nociceptors become partially depolarized and more easily stimulated
Term
first sharp pain versus second slow, diffuse pain
Definition
Adelta versus C fibers
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