Term
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Definition
| A-delta (lightly myelianted) C fibers (non-myelinated) with free nerve endings that are widely divergent; periphery |
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Term
| adequate stimuli versus specific stimuli |
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Definition
| one theory states there needs to be enough stimulus; one theory states specific stimulus for specific receptors (the prevalent model) |
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Term
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Definition
concentration of potassium (released during cell damage)
prostaglandins (tissue injury)
bradykinin
5-HT
H+
Histamine (mast cells)
ATP |
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Term
| distribution of pain receptors |
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Definition
C fibers have large receptive field
GI pain fibers are only activated by expansion
no pain --lungs, pia, liver, spleen |
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Term
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Definition
| a peptide that is secreted by 1st order nerve endings (pain fibers do this in the periphery) this attracts immune cells, triggers release of Mast Cell granules, causes increased avscular permeability and mast cell degranulation and chemotaxis |
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Term
| afferent response of thermoreceptor |
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Definition
| reaches a maximum level at around 42 degrees celsius, responds more quickly to temperature rise than do nociceptors, but nociceptors maintain a an increasing firing rate as temp rises |
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Term
| vanilloid receptors on A-delta and C fibers |
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Definition
| calcium ion channel --Capsaicin binds to a site on the inside of the membrane and allows calcium to move through channel |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks vanilloid capsacin receptor |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Does ALS localize pain well? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does visceral pain exist? |
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Definition
| in the middle of the dorsal columns |
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Term
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Definition
| treats visceral pain, disruption of visceral pain pathway that exists between the two fasciculus gracilis |
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Term
| somatotopic structure of pain pathways |
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Definition
| same organization as dorsal column structure, additional homunculi represented in secondary somatic sensory cortex, and posterior parietal cortex |
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Term
| layer 4 of 3b (look in Purves for info) |
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Definition
| cross talk between the layers of cortex and areas of cortex and this determines the feature extraction |
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Term
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Definition
| tactile agnosias, astereognosis and topagnosia (localization loss) |
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Term
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Definition
| affects the way we respond to and recognition of stimulus |
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Term
| describe plasticity of SI |
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Definition
| can expand or contract the area it devotes to corresponding areas of homunculus due to differential stimulation |
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Term
| one explanation of chronic pain |
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Definition
| break down of endogenous pain regulation from high centers; descending fiber/interneuron inhibition |
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Term
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Definition
nociception = stimulus
pain is the interpretation |
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Term
| pain may be incorrectly localized |
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Definition
| referred pain occurs because pain stimulus of organs is also carried by fibers that are dedicated to cutaneous pain |
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Term
| endogenous pain control systems |
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Definition
| somatosensory cortex --> hypothalamus and amygdala --> PAG --> parabracheal nucleus, medullary reticular formation, locus coeruleus, raphe nucleus --> dorsal horn of spinal cord |
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Term
| descending tracts excites interneuron to inhibit second order neuron in dorsal horn from being excited. It does this by the action of what NT? |
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Definition
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Term
| SCNS and gate control theory of pain |
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Definition
| A/B fiber mechanoreceptor stimulus suppresses pain stimulus by competing with it via interneuron stimulation that inhibits second order excitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| opiate dependent or nonopiate dependent |
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Term
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Definition
| response of CNS to release opioid like substances to dull pain in stress response |
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Term
| antidromic liberation of substance P |
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Definition
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Term
| osteopathic manipulation and redistribution of afferent neural activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of algogenic substances on the level of depolarization of receptor resulting in lower threshold for adequate stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
occurs after central sensitization
what would normally be non-painful, becomes painful as 2nd order neurons that are normally stimulated by nociceptors become over-sensitive to other stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd order neurons activated by nociceptors become partially depolarized and more easily stimulated |
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Term
| first sharp pain versus second slow, diffuse pain |
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Definition
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