Term
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Definition
| 140 ml; ventricles (30), brain (80), spinal (30) |
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Term
| bran and spinal interstitial fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| embryonic devleopment of ventricles |
|
Definition
| neuraxis bends, leaves bulges and stenoses --> resevoirs and passages for CSF. lateral ventricles enlarge and become C shaped... aqueduct narrows and 4th ventricle shrinks... look at image |
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Term
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Definition
| Buoy and protect; transport --> exchange of metbaolites via diffusion (HVA; proteins); ions and growth factors to brain from CSF, through paracellular junctions |
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Term
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Definition
| filtrate of choroid plexus; 99% water, 35 mg/dl protein (7000 in serum), 60 mg/dl glucose (lower than serum), sodium the same as serum, potassium lower, calcium lower, magnesium higher, chloride higher than serum, pH 7.33 |
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|
Term
| Regulation of CSF production |
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Definition
| sympathetic nervous system acts to restrain production of CSF; norepi concentration goes down as CSF production goes up |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of CSF and brain fluids |
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Definition
| sampling CSF allows analysis of brain; hemorrhage RBC's, meningitis (WBC, cloudy, high protein, low glucose), encephalitis (WBC, a little cloudy, slightly elevated protein) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exchange between olfactory bulbs olfactory ventricle that leads to lateral ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular (pro=25), cisternal (pro 31.6) and lumbar (pro=42); suggest varying origin of CSF |
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Term
| digitalis inhibits production of CSF |
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Definition
| this implies that there is sodium pump involved |
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Term
| how do we analyze proteins in CSF |
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Definition
| electrophoresis, compared to serum, MS and SSPE have high levels of IgG |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased ventricular volume |
|
|
Term
| non-communicating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| communicating hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| absorption of CSF in arachnoid villi id impaired |
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Term
|
Definition
| selective transport; astrocyte feet, endothelial cells joined by tight junction |
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|
Term
| choroid villus selective absorption happens through what structures |
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Definition
| substances pass through ependymal cells which are joined by tight junction and substances are secreted in polar ependymal cells as CSF into ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| protection; impedes treatment of CNS disorders, missing in some areas of brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| determined by lipophillic character of substances and the presence of transporters |
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Term
|
Definition
| injected into carotid causes retraction of tight junction in BBB |
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Term
| Organovasculosum of Lamina Terminalis, NLP, ME (median eminence), Sub-fornical organ, Pineal gland, Area postrema |
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Definition
| what do each of these sites do?? |
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Term
|
Definition
| intracranial volume = v. brain,v. CSF, v.blood, v. mass lesion |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased permeability of endothelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| optic disc elevated and margins poorly defines, indicates increased intracranial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ICP which is usually treated |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| reflexes associated with increased ICP |
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Definition
Cushing's reflex; increased blood pressure due to increased ICP triggering O2 receptors in the medulla
Bradychardia --> carotid sensors
Widened pulse pressure |
|
|
Term
| methods of ICP monitoring |
|
Definition
-Intraventricular (reliable, allows drainage, but is invasive)
-Epidural (dura intact so less invasive, but no drainage and poor measurement)
-Subarachnoid (brain not penetrated so low infection risk, but no drainage, poor waveform)
-Intraparenchymal (reliable measure, but very invasive, no CSF drainage) |
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|
Term
| Cerebral perfusion level associated with mortality |
|
Definition
| <40 mm Hg leads to ischemia, which can lead to additional tissue damage |
|
|
Term
| Glasgow coma scale criteria |
|
Definition
| Eye opening, motor response to verbal/pain stimuli, verbal response. scale 3-15 |
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