Term
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Definition
| The number of children born in a society or among a particular group |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of children born to the average woman in her lifetime |
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Term
| the number of women reaching age 45 without having any children has... |
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Definition
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Term
| How many women have borne two children by the time they turn 45 years old |
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Definition
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Term
| How many children in the U.S. are born to parents who are not married? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ethnicity has the highest fertility rate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The price one pays for choosing the less lucrative of the available options |
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Term
| How many unmarried women are cohabitating with their partner at the time of their child's birth? |
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Definition
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Term
| U.S. total fertility rate |
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Definition
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Term
| The rise of unmarried parents is closely related to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Single, older women who decide to have children: |
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Definition
May be single either by life circumstances or deliberate choice.
May seek sperm donor, adoption, or get pregnant using alternative relationship arrangements.
The families are less likely to be poor. |
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Term
| Single parenthood is more common in these racial-ethnic groups |
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Definition
| Native Americans, Blacks, and Puerto Rican's. |
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Term
| Factors contributing to high fertility |
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Definition
| Immigration, Demographics, and Religion |
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Term
| Women with lower levels of education |
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Definition
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Term
| Amount of pregnancies which are unintended |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of children in the foster care system |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of children with at least one adoptive parent in the U.S. households. |
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Definition
1.5 million
(2% of all children) |
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Term
| Are males or females more available for adoption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of children who are of a different race, culture, or ethnicity than their adoptive parents |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why are adoption rates declining? |
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Definition
| Fewer babies able to adopt and people keeping children or being reunified after the parent and child are separated. |
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Term
| International adoption rates peaked in |
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Definition
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Term
| Why have international adoption rates decreased? |
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Definition
Domestic laws of other countries
U.S. refusing to allow adoptions from certain countries for concerns of the child's welfare
Stonger international rights for children
Hague Convention |
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Term
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Definition
Works to create uniformed regulations for countries.
Prevents trafficking children.
Ensures that inter-county adoptions are in the best options of the children.
Ensures the children are being legally and lawfully adopted. |
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Term
| People between the ages of 24-35 living with their parents |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adult children who had previously left home but then return to save money |
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Term
| Which gender is more likely to move back in with their parents? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reasons for boomergangers to move back home |
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Definition
Loans and expenses
Waiting to marry
Coddled
More time to become prepared |
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Term
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Definition
| When a couple is engaged in a long term, exclusive relationship but each partner lives in a separate home |
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Term
| What age group is most likely to live apart together? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do couples chose to live apart together? |
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Definition
More autonomy.
Own identity.
Employment reasons.
Reduce relationship friction or keep things lively.
Don't want to compromise neighborhoods, schools, or houses. |
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Term
| The cost of raising a child in 2015 |
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Definition
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Term
| Young children contribute to marriage by |
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Definition
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Term
| Marital satisfaction is lower in |
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Definition
| Parents rather than non-parents |
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Term
| Married couples with children often |
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Definition
| Revert to traditional roles |
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Term
| Which type of couples have more sex? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The activity of raising a child |
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Term
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Definition
Socialization.
Social and emotional bonds.
Social networks inside and outside the family.
And continual social class lifestyle. |
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Term
| How has the meaning of childhood changed over time? |
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Definition
Child labor and property to protected and valued population.
Period of adolescence emerged.
Expectations of parenting.
Investment in the wellbeing of the child.
Middle class values.
Structured acitivies for childre (sports, clubs, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
Cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising their children.
Increased as employment rates for women increased. |
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Term
| Negative effects of intensive motherhood |
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Definition
| If women cannot add up, they feel guilty, stressed, and suffer from depression |
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Term
| Attitude shifts towards fatherhood changed from... to... |
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Definition
| The male provider (financial) to the involved father (nurturing) |
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Term
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Definition
| It is important to show their child love and affection |
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Term
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Definition
Infidelity.
Incompatibliy.
Substance abuse.
Growing apart. |
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Term
| Why is it difficult to determine divorce rates? |
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Definition
No official count of divorce.
There are several states who do not participate in federal data collection. |
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Term
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Definition
Crude divorce rate (most common).
Refined divorce rate
Divorce-marriage ratio |
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Term
| Couples with children are less likely to divorce, but |
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Definition
| are more likely to stay in an unhappy marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| Happiness, stress, economic status, and the children's well being. |
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Term
| How is a child's well being affected by divorce? |
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Definition
| Emotional issues, education can suffer, behavioral problems, and less time and energy from parents |
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Term
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Definition
| Any family that includes stepparents, step-siblings, or half-siblings |
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Term
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Definition
| The situation in which family members do not know or do not agree on who is in the family and what role each person plays |
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Term
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Definition
| Most people. Men more than women. 55-64 is the most common age of those who remarry |
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Term
| What country has the highest divorce rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who is less likely to remarry? |
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Definition
| Women with children and widows. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Children living in blended families |
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Definition
| 13%. Over 14% are Hispanic. |
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Term
| Remarried adults tend to preserve their individual autonomy more than those in first marriages |
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Definition
| They are less likely to give up a career for their spouse |
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Term
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Definition
| Differing parenting styles, financial disputes, and arguments over how to manage relationships with in-laws. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The father as an economic provider and authority figure for his children |
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Term
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Definition
| The father as an emotional, nuturting companion who bonds with his children as well as providing for them |
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Term
| Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) |
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Definition
| Fertility treatments in which eggs of embryos are handled outside the mothers body. Accounts for 1.6% of all babies born in the U.S. Expands fertility options for older parents, same-sex parents, surrogates, sperm-donors, those who might otherwise not be able to have children for health reasons, and allows for the genetic selection or manipulation of sperm,eggs, or embryos to produce a child. |
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Term
| Explain the different connotation in the words childless and childfree |
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Definition
| Childless holds a negative connotation. For those experiencing infertility, they may feel childless. For those who deliberately postpone or avoid having children prefer the term childfree, as they do not feel their lives are missing something. |
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Term
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Definition
| The exertion of effort to produce or accomplish something |
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Term
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Definition
| Work performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person |
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Term
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Definition
| Work to maintain a household's functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Work done by employees for pay |
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Term
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Definition
| How a society accomplishes the necessary care work and housework |
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Term
| The text describes three different types of work exist: care work, housework, and market work. Name and describe two of the interesting work-related challenges that modern families face. |
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Definition
| How to divide the housework and care work within the family, when to pay for household services instead of doing housework, and when to take care of children at home vs child-care services are all work-related challenges families face. |
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Term
| Occupational gender segregation |
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Definition
| Men and women having jobs in separate occupations |
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Term
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Definition
| The allocation of work between men and women in society |
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Term
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Definition
| When parents (often women) come home from work to then complete housework and care work. |
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Term
| Three main factors within couples which account for the fact that women perform much more housework than men |
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Definition
| Time, resources, and gender |
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Term
| Time use surveys of housework show that |
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Definition
| Women have cut their housework time almost in half, while married men have doubled theirs |
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Term
| Husbands earn significantly more than their wives in how many couples? |
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Definition
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Term
| The wife significantly outearns the husband in how many couples? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The conflict that occurs when the time demands, strains, or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult to fulfill obligations in either role |
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Term
| Compare and contrast how single parents and married parents experience work-family conflict. What is one possible solution for work-family conflict proposed for each group |
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Definition
| Single mothers, which lead 82% of poor single parent households, are more likely to feel stressed and fatigued while spending time with their children. There are not enough hours in the day to earn money, do housework, and take care of children without time conflicts. Feminizaton of poverty should be combated through the heightened wages of females and better welfare support for single mothers. |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of earnings women experience after they have children. Many women lose earnings due to employer discrimination claiming they will be less devoted to their jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oppoisite of the motherhood penalty. The fathers earn more than men who are not fathers because the labor and support of their wives help them get ahead at work. |
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Term
| Ways to reduce work-family conflict |
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Definition
| Work hours could be reduced, permitting works greater equality in the work-family balance. Work hours could be more flexible, allowing workers to arrange schedules. And family supports by employers, including child care benefits or time off for family care. |
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Term
| How does the United States compare to other countries in terms of providing state-supported family and medical leave? |
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Definition
| U.S. has FMLA (passed in 1993), which allows works to have unpaid leave up to 12 weeks per year while still keeping their jobs. But, not everyone is covered by this law. Compared to other countries, the U.S. is more market based and has more state-based solutions. In Europe, children spend more time in day care centers paid by the government. The U.S. is the only wealthy county that does not guarantee any paid leave for parents. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of relationship in which people love or at least know each other very wel and interact in private |
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Term
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Definition
| A relationship in which one person is responsible for another's care |
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Term
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Definition
| The act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in (or puts children at imminent risk for) physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation |
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Term
| Three categories of family violence |
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Definition
| Intimate partners, children, and elders |
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Term
| Is abuse or neglect more difficult to identify? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most harmful and dangerous acts perpetrated against children occur |
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Definition
| In the family home at the hands of their parents or other caregivers |
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Term
| Percent of children who have experienced physical assualt by parents or caregivers |
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Definition
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Term
| Mothers and fathers account for what percentage of child abuse cases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Children most likely to experience abuse |
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Definition
| Those who live with parents who have mental health problems, households with domestic violence, poor families and neighborhoods, and families with weak support networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of old people by someone with whom they share an intimate or caring relationship |
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Term
| Percentage of people who have experienced elder abuse |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common forms of elder abuse |
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Definition
| Coercive control (threats, keeping them from leaving home, or controlling their money) and expressive aggression (acting so angry it felt dangerous or insulting or humiliating them). |
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Term
| Most elder abuse occurs at the hands of |
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Definition
| The family members or caregivers of the elders |
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Term
| Intimate partner violence |
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Definition
| Violence between partners who are (or were) involved in a sexual or romantic relationship |
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Term
| Women are how many times more likely than men to be the victims of intimate partner violence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Reasons why initiate partner violence is not reported to the police |
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Definition
| Fear of reprisal or getting the offender in trouble, the police wouldn't or couldn't help, it was not important enought to report, or they dealt with it personally. |
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Term
| Three principal patterns of violence |
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Definition
| Common couple violence, intimate terrorism, and violent resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common form of violence. Results from specific arguments within a couple and does not involve a pattern of escalating violence over time. Most couples that experience this pattern do not suffer severe injuries or frequent attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less common pattern of violence. Involves violence as a part of a campaign for control or domination within a relationship. More likely to involve escalating violence and serious injury as well as psychological abuse. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a spouse or partner is the victim of a pattern of violence and they lash out in response. May or may not meet the legal definition of self defense, which requires an immediate threat. |
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Term
| Who is at the greatest risk of rape and of violence that causes a serious injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| Women in families that experience hardship are more likely to |
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Definition
| Suffer intimate partner violence |
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Term
| Relationships that involve drug and alcohol abuse are |
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Definition
| More likely to be violent |
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Term
| Women in cohabiting relationships are more likely than married women to |
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Definition
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Term
| Women face higher risks of serous violence when? |
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Definition
| Shortly after they have left their abusers |
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