Term
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Definition
| preferred marital arrangement worldwide, having 2 or more spouses |
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Definition
| only legal form of marriage in the US, having only one spuose, only form of marriage recognized in all cultures |
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Definition
| practice of having two or more husbands |
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Definition
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Term
| Serial monogamy/ modified polygamy |
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Definition
| practice in which one person may have several spouses over his or her lifetime although no more than one at any given time |
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Definition
| unrelated individuals who feel and are treated as if they were relatives; boyfriend,best friend,neighbor, pet |
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Definition
| mostly middle-class version of the nuclear family in which women's primary roles are wife and mother and men's primary roles are husband and breadwinner |
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Definition
| family in which we grow up, the family that orients us to the world |
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Definition
| family formed through marriage and childbearing |
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Term
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Definition
| relationships created through marriage |
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Definition
| created through biological ties. Relationships between adopted children and parents, though not related by blood, might be considered fictive consanguineous |
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Definition
| life involves discord and competition. theorists see society not as basically cooperative but as divided, with individuals and groups in conflict with one another. conflict is not bad, but natural |
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Definition
| The shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms |
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Definition
| to work to accomplish changes and create conditions in society that remove barriers to opportunity and oppressive conditions and are instead, good for women |
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Term
| Symbolic interaction theory |
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Definition
| looks at how people interact with one another |
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Term
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Definition
| we measure our actions and relationships on a cost-benefit basis, seeking to maximize rewards and minimize costs by employing our resources to gain the most favorable outcome |
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Term
| family development theory |
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Definition
| the only theory exclusively directed at families. emphasizes the patterned changes that occur in families through stages and across time |
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Term
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Definition
| combines two of the previous sociological theories, structural functionalism and symbolic interaction, to form a more psychological even therapeutic theory |
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Term
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Definition
| protect the privacy and safety of people who provide information in the research, anonymity, confidentiality, minimize controllable harm.assure accuracy |
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Term
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Definition
| rights and property descended form the mother |
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Term
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Definition
| rights and property flowed from the father |
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Term
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Definition
| influenced by Christianity, rule by father or eldest male |
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Term
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Definition
| the New England custom in which a young man and woman spent the night in bed together, separated by a wooden bundling board, provided a courting couple with privacy; did not encourage restraint |
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Term
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Definition
| upper class women often function as supports for their husbands' successful economic and political activities |
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Term
| impact of industrialization on family |
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Definition
| went from being primarily a production unit to being more of a consumer-and service oriented unit. brought love to the foreground as the basis of marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force but whose incomes fell below the poverty threshold. represents 10-15% of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| differing expectations to which males and females are held to |
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Term
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Definition
| societies wherein women rule over men and where men are denied the right to political office-not documented |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of ourselves as of a certain gender, the most basic element of one's identity |
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Term
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Definition
| rigidly held and oversimplified belief that males and females, as a result of their sex, possess distinct psychological and behavioral traits |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from behaviorist psychology and its emphasis on observable events and their consequences rather than internal feelings and drives |
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Term
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Definition
| daughters are treated more gently and sons more roughly. children eventually incorporate such views as integral parts of their personalities |
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Term
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Definition
| children are directed toward specific objects and activities and away from others |
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Term
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Definition
| parents use different words with boys and with girls to describe the sam behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| both genders are usually exposed to feminine activities early in life, but boys are discouraged from imitating their mothers, whereas girls are encouraged to be "mother's little helper" |
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Term
| intensive mothering ideology |
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Definition
| the belief that children need full-time, unconditional attention from mothers to develop into healthy, well adjusted people |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| relationship built on principles of equity, equality, and deep friendship |
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Term
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Definition
| the sharing of both the facts of our lives and our deeper feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| seeing love in largely expressive terms (telling each other how you feel), important qualities or aspects of both women's and men's intimacy get ignored or overlooked |
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Term
| triangular theory of love |
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Definition
| love is composed of three elements that can be visualized as the points of a triangle; intimacy, passion, and decision or commitment |
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Term
| attachment theory of love |
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Definition
| maintains that the degree and quality of attachments one experiences in early life influence one's later relationships |
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Term
| How many styles of infant attachment are there? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infant feels secure when more is out of sight, confident that the mother will offer protection and care |
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Term
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Definition
| infant shows separation anxiety when mother leaves. or insecure then the mother is not present |
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Term
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Definition
| infant senses mother's detachment and rejection when he or she desires close bodily contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| depicts the development of love as a spinning wheel, consisting of four spokes |
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Term
| four spokes of wheel theory |
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Definition
rapport
self revelation
mutual dependency
fulfillment of the need for intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| sense of ease, the feeling that 2 people understand eachother |
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Term
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Definition
| disclosure of intimate feelings, may depend on more than the presence or absence of rapport |
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Term
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Definition
| two people form a couple. each becomes each others confidant |
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Term
| fulfillment of intimacy needs |
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Definition
| if one finds that his or her need for love and intimacy are met by his or her partner, the other 3 spokes will become greater and stronger |
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Term
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Definition
| generally occurs in the early stages of a relationship, occurs when there is either no reason to be suspicious or only ambiguous evidence to suspect that a partner is involved with another |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a partner reveals a current, past, or anticipated relationship with another person; more intense and basic trust is questioned |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| always assume US does better or worse? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positively related to adolescents use of contraceptives |
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Term
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Definition
| an irrational or phobic fear of gay men and lesbians |
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Term
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Definition
sexual but not emotional
sexual and emotional
emotional but not sexual |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to achieve or maintain an erection |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to delay ejaculation after penetration |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of failure, most important immediate cause of erectile dysfunctions and orgasmic dysfunctions in women |
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Term
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Definition
| nongenital touching and caressing |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects more of the relationshp part of the message. conveys the attitude and indicates how the words are to be interpreted |
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Term
| functions of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
conveying interpersonal attitudes
expressing emotions
handling the ongoing interaction
the importance of nonverbal communication |
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Term
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Definition
| nearness, in terms of physical space, time, and so on |
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Term
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Definition
| you can say almost anything during the first year and it will not seriously affct marriage |
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Term
| One of the problems for women of repeatedly having unsatisfactory sex |
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Definition
| It can lead to the development of aversion to sex |
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Term
| The traditional female sexual script includes all of the following assumptions except |
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Definition
| There are many right ways to experience orgasm |
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Term
| A student who has an intense crush on a married professer despite the fact they have no chance the love will ever be reciprocated |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Sternberg, the combo of intimacy, passion and commitment |
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Definition
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Term
| Scanzoni suggest that both friendships and romantic relationships provide |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain chemical is linked to our tendency to attach to other people |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of couples complain of infidelity |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a treatment for premature ejactulation |
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Definition
| Slower masturbation and squeeze technique |
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Term
| The following couples tend to be the most romantic over the lifespan |
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Definition
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Term
| Benefits of premarital couple’s counseling include all of the following except |
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Definition
| It allows the couple to work out all of their problems |
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Term
| Barriers to marriage for low-income unmarried couples with children include all except |
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Definition
| Concerns about relationship with new in-laws |
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Term
| The ______refers to the weakeneing of the social norms that define institution such as marriage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The fact that never-married people will marry never-married people as opposed to divorced |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a component of intimacy |
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Definition
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Term
| Which was not listesd as an external cause of jealousy |
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Definition
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Term
| what do wives ten to do more in terms of communication? |
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Definition
| give more positive or negative messages; smile or laugh when they send messages, and send fewer neutral messages. |
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Term
| demand-withdrawl patterns |
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Definition
| in which one person makes an effort to engage the other person in a discussion of some issue of importance. the one raising the issue may criticize, complain or suggest a need for change while the other party in response, withdraws by leaving the discussion or failing to reply. |
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Term
| more satisfaction for wives if |
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Definition
| housework is divided equally |
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Term
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Definition
| both husband and wife have careers; benefits include having more say in family decision making and greater legitimacy in asking for help with domestic and child-rearing tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| stresses women’s roles as self-sacrificing mothers suffering for their children and subordinating themselves to men |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that our cultural construction of love is based on mostly expressive qualities, more compatible with women’s earlier socialization; more instrumental displays of love tend not to be recognized as love |
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Term
| parental bonds and teen sexuality |
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Definition
| parents, especially mothers, are important sources of information and advice about sexuality; although both sons and daughters speak more to mothers than fathers about sexual issues, most parent-child sexual communication is really between mothers and daughters |
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Term
| Redefining sex in marital or other long-term relationships |
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Definition
| in new relationships, sex is often passionate and intense and may be the central focus; in long term marital or cohabiting relationships, the passionate intensity associated with sex is often eroded by habituation, competing parental and work obligations, fatigue, and unresolved conflicts..sexuality in later adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| single men and women may need to weigh the costs and benefits of sex in causal or lightly committed relationships; in long-term relationships, sexuality often becomes less central to relationship satisfaction..sexuality in later adulthood |
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Term
| accepting biological aging process |
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Definition
| our skin wrinkles, our flesh sags, our hair grays (or falls out), our vision blurs—and we become in the age of society less attractive and less sexual; the challenges of aging are to accept its biological mandate and to reject the stereotypes associated with it..sexuality in later adulthood |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of timing, failure of intimacy, failure of sexual empathy, failure reciprocity, failure of overromanticization |
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Term
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Definition
| the fear of failure, most important immediate cause of erectile dysfunctions and, to a lesser extent, of orgasmic dysfunctions in women; if a man does not become erect, anxiety is fairly common |
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Term
| stimulus-values-role theory |
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Definition
| depict what happens between that “magic moment” with its mysterious chemistry of attraction and the decision to maintain a long-term relationship such as marriage; the stimulus, value, and role stages |
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Term
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Definition
| each person is drawn or attracted to the other before actual interaction; can be physical, mental, or social |
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Term
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Definition
| partners weigh each other’s basic values, seeking compatibility; philosophy of life, politics, sexual values, religious beliefs, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| each person analyzes the other’s behaviors, or the person fulfills his or her roles as lover, companion, friend and worker and potential husband or wife and mother or father |
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Term
| Types of never-married individualized marriages |
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Definition
•Never-married people are more likely to marry other never-married people than they are to “intermarry” by marrying divorced people
•Never-married individuals who marry divorced partners may find that they have to deal with lower amounts of resources because of the continued demands of former spouses and the needs of children of former marriages |
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Term
| Types of enduring marriages |
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Definition
conflict-habituated
passive-congenial
devitalized
vital
total |
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Term
| conflict-habituated marriages |
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Definition
| relationships in which tension, arguing, and conflict “permeate the relationship”—conflict holds couple together |
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Term
| passive-congenial marriages |
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Definition
| relationships that begin without the emotional “spark” or intensity contained in our romantic idealizations of marriage |
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Term
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Definition
| begin with high levels of emotional intensity that dwindles over time; they have a history of having been in a more intimate, sexual gratifying, emotional relationship and that has become an emotional void |
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Term
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Definition
| appeal more to our romantic notions of marriage cause they begin and continue with high levels of emotional intensity; the relationship is most valued aspect of their lives, and they allocate their time and attention on the basis of such priority, conflict is not absent but it is managed in such a manner as to make quick resolution likely |
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Term
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Definition
| relationships in which characteristics of vital relationships are present but to a wider and deeper degree |
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Term
| Best position for female orgasm |
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Definition
| any position where the woman is on top |
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Term
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Definition
voluntarily and temporarily
involuntarily and temporarily
resolveds
involuntarily |
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Term
| voluntarily and temporarily unmarrieds |
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Definition
| these are usually younger men and women actively pursuing education, career goals, or “having a good time”; consider their singleness temporary |
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Term
| involuntarily and temporarily unmarrieds |
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Definition
| women and men in this category are actively and consciously seeking marital partners; their desires to marry someday are referred to as wishfuls |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who regard themselves as permanently single; include priests and nuns |
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Term
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Definition
| considered regretfuls in that they would prefer to be married but are others resigned to their “fate” |
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Term
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Definition
| they wanted or were supposed to have children; have an “impaired ability” to have children or those couples who seek help for infertility |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to those without children; child-free marriages are couples who expect and intend to remain nonparents |
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Term
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Definition
| there is contact between adoptive family and birth parents; involvement can either be mediated or direct |
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Term
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Definition
| highest in the US than most of the developed world |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden infant death syndrome; a perplexing phenomenon wherein an apparently healthy infant dies suddenly while sleeping |
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Term
| culture and conduct of fatherhood |
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Definition
| culture of fatherhood has clearly changed in the directions; conduct of fatherhood has kept pace |
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Term
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Definition
| children forced to become caregivers well before adulthood; when parents are chronically independent, mentally ill, incapacitated after a divorce or widowhood, or socially isolated or incapacitated |
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Term
| bifurcation and working time |
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Definition
| wherein some work longer and longer days and weeks while others work fewer hours than they need or want |
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Term
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Definition
| in which individuals feel that they do not have or spend enough time in certain roles and relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect that work has on individuals and families, absorbing their time and energy and impinging on their psychological states |
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Term
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Definition
| the differences in women’s and men’s incomes translate into more women than men experiencing poverty and in need of state or federal assistance |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual harassment consists of unwelcomed advances, request sexual favors or other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature as a condition of instruction or employment |
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Term
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Definition
| someone acts in sexual ways to interfere with a person’s performance by creating a hostile or offensive learning or work environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of worrying about the baby, seeking and processing information about infants and their needs, and managing division of infant care in the househould |
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Term
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Definition
| structure their home and work lives into a turn-taking, alternating system of paid work and family work; when one is at work, the other is at home |
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Term
| types of intimate violence |
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Definition
common couple violence/situational couple violence
intimate terrorism
violent resistance
mutual violent control |
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Term
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Definition
| erupts during an argument when one partner strikes the other in the heat of the moment; not part of a wider relationship pattern; rarely escalates |
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Term
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Definition
| one partner tries to dominate and control the other; violent episodes that escalate and emotional abuse are two common traits |
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Term
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Definition
| encompasses what is often meant by “self-defensive” violence; more commonly perpetrated by women than men |
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Term
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Definition
| relationships in which both partners are violently trying to control each other and the relationship |
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Term
| differences in men and women as perpetrators |
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Definition
| females between the ages of 20 and 24 were at the greatest risk of nonfatal intimate partner violence; males between 12 and 15 or those age 65 experienced the lowest rates of nonfatal partner violence; half the female victims of nonfatal intimate partner violence suffered an injury; unmarried women have higher rates of intimate partner violence victimization than do married women |
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Term
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Definition
| form of battering inflicted by husbands on wives and male-on-female or male intimate partners, often as a pattern on intimate terrorism; “unwanted sexual penetration, perpetrated by force, threat of harm, or when a victim is intoxicated” |
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Term
| characteristics of parents who abuse their children |
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Definition
| parent was physically punished by his or her parents; his or her father physically abused their mother; parents believe in corporal discipline of child; unrealistic expectations of their children and less understanding of age-appropriate behaviors; marital relationship itself may not be valued by the parents; parental substance abuse |
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Term
| frequency of psychological aggressoin |
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Definition
| the verbal attacks on children; 89% report having committed at least one of the five kinds of psychological aggression |
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Term
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Definition
| such actions as fondling, raping, or exposing child to other sexual activities; girls most at risk; half white; children under age of 1 had the highest rate of victimization |
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Term
| intergenerational transgression |
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Definition
| the increased likelihood that divorce will later occur to them; those whose parents were divorce |
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Term
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Definition
| when a marriage breaks ; the distress is real, results from absence of one’s spouse, fortunately, does not last forever; almost all attention is centered on the missing partner and is accompanied by the apprehensiveness, anxiety, fear and often panic |
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Term
| dating again-biggest problems and how it differs from premarital dating |
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Definition
•Greatest problem is how to meet other unmarried people
•Separated and divorced men in their 20s and 30s are at a particular disadvantage; considerably young women are available than men[
•Divorced people are often too pressed for time to waste it on a first date that might as not go well
•Less spontaneous for divorced people |
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Term
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Definition
| spousal support, monetary payment a former spouse makes to the other to meet his or her economic needs; it is not intended to be punitive |
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Term
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Definition
| the monetary payments made by the noncustodial spouse to the custodial spouse to assist in child-rearing expenses |
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Term
| 3 stages of divorce for kids |
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Definition
initial
transition
restabilization |
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Term
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Definition
| follows the decision to separate, was extremely successful conflict escalated, and unhappiness was epidemic; children’s aggressive responses were magnified by the parents’ inability to cope because of the crisis in their own lives |
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Term
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Definition
| began about a year after the separation, when extreme emotional responses of the children had diminished or disappeared |
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Term
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Definition
| families have reached the restabilization stage by the end of five years; economic and social changes had been incorporated into daily living |
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Term
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Definition
| the process in which a mediator attempts to assist divorcing couples in resolving personal, legal, and parenting issues in a cooperative manner |
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Term
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Definition
| a male relative, family associative, or mother’s partner—who demonstrates parental behaviors and is like a father to the child |
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Term
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Definition
| a post-divorce family system with children; consists of two nuclear family |
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Term
| who is more likely to remarry |
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Definition
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Term
| structural differences of blended families |
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Definition
•Almost all the members in a stepfamily have lost an important primary relationship
•One biological parent typically lives outside the current family
•The relationship between a parent and his or her children pre-dates the relationship between new partner
•Stepparent roles are ill defined
•Many children in stepfamilies are also members of a noncustodial parent’s household
Children in stepfamilies have at least one extra pair of grandparents |
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Term
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Definition
| embracing stepchildren as if they were biological children and becoming involved in the processes of nurturing, providing for, and protecting them, is a two-way process |
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Term
| women tend to report higher marital satisfaction than men |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fear of intimacy, too much work, low sexual desire NOT lack of adequate vitamins and minerals |
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Term
| moving closer to someone can suggest |
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Definition
| intimacy, threat, and interest |
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Term
| how many positives are there for every negative |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what age group is most likely to be abused? |
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Definition
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