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Definition
he mental act or process of acquiring knowledge or of making a decision that is based on routine, taken-for-granted understandings of “characteristics, relationships, and entailments under conditions of incomplete information”
Implicit
Un-verbalized
Fast
Knee-jerk
Intuitive |
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Term
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Definition
he mental act or process of acquiring knowledge or of making a decision that is based on critical, reflexive, explicit, and (sometimes) verbalized logics and that override default, automatic, knee-jerk, or intuitive understandings of a problem or situation
Explicit
Verbalized
Slow
Premeditated
Rule-following |
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Definition
- What is the starting point of the assessment?
- The interest rate that you think is OK depends on the interest rate you are used to paying (individual level explanation)
- The sociological extension of this: the social environment a person operates in shapes the range of values she thinks of as appropriate or as realistic for someone like herself |
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Definition
A financial loss followed by an equivalent financial gain do not cancel each other out
- Mathematically they are equivalent
- Mentally they are significantly different
Loss hurts much more than gain helps |
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Definition
How attempts to promote deliberative cognition produce outcomes opposite of those intended
EX: The researchers randomly assign undergraduates with similar test scores [indicators of ability] to two different groups
Group 1: Takes a new test but are asked to indicate race and gender just before taking the test
Group 2: Takes the same new test but are not asked to indicate race and gender just before taking the test
Outcome: The test scores of women and minorities in group 1 are lower than the test scores of women and minorities in group 2 [attention drawn to negative stereotypes]
- Stereotypes have force |
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Definition
- The placing of elements into a group because of perceived similarities in structure, composition, origin, and/or purpose
- These classes of elements take on a life of their own (with rules associated with how the elements in that classification may be treated) |
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Definition
| Not all money is the same. Depending on who earned it a dhow it was earn, depends on how that money will be planned on being spent |
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Definition
| If people keep hearing that everyone is doing X, they may act with less inhibition in trying to do X; X is no longer considered to be a fringe, infrequent behavior |
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- The process whereby individuals differentiate what kinds of relationships they are in by virtue of the kinds of money and transactions they engage in
-Budget categories depend on social relationships (friend/stranger, parent or spouse, children…) and shared understandings about what those kinds of relationships mean
- People act as if their sense of self is inter-dependent on their relationships, particularly when they are using and categorizing money |
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Definition
- The circumstances that make an outcome more likely (or not)
- A general term meant to encompass a broad range of “nudges” meant to facilitate “good” outcomes and to make bad ones less frequent |
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| Strategic Research Materials |
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Definition
| opportunistic research opportunities to observe processes that are usually hard to discern but that manifest themselves with remarkable clarity in a set of events, debates, or other data |
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Term
| Money Corrupting vs. Moral |
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Definition
-Money is corrupting because it prevades in all areas of social life. Everything has a buying price with money. Ex: sex, love, organs, kids
- Money is moral because No matter religion, creed, nationality, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation of the money holder: the money itself is deemed to hold equal value |
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Definition
- money can be substituted for money
- money is always the same and is a standard unit of measurement in a society |
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Term
| The absolute model of market money |
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Definition
1) money has no symbolic or symbolic function
- money is just a tool in the market
2) Money is absolutely interchangeable
- one dollar is just like the next. the only difference is the quality
3) Profane vs. Sacred ( i don't understand this)
- money operates in realm of profane(special) instrumental action (neutral)
- money has nothing to do with the sacred (qualitatively distinct, unexchangeable, indivisible)
4) the reduction of quality to quantity
- a hand made bowl does not matter compared to a factory made bowl
5)unidirectional transformation of society
- money transforms non-economic entities into market quantities |
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| The relational Model of earmarked monies |
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Definition
1) money has social and cultural function
2)Monies not money
- “There is no single, uniform generalized money, but multiple monies: people earmark different currencies for many or perhaps all types of social interactions….”
3) deep subjective sometimes sacred character
- money is not a profane, instrumental instrument
money is also a social medium
4) Value and values as false dichotomy
- values are not reduced to value (?)
5) bi-directional transformation
- not just a uni-directional effect of money and modernity acting upon social and cultural structures
“Cultural and social structures set inevitable limits to the monetization process by introducing profound controls and restrictions on the flow and liquidity of monies” |
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Term
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Definition
4 parameters of a noxious market
1) weak agency (child labor)
2) inequality and vulnerability (child labor)
3) extreme harms to individual (child labor)
4) extreme harms to society (child labor) |
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