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| The activities that people engage in when selecting, purchasing, using and disposing of products and services so as to satisfy needs and wants. |
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| includes all individuals and households who buy products for personal consumption. |
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The way of life for an entire society. It includes:
system of beliefs , manners, dress, language, legal norms, religion, rituals, the arts, foods , moral norms |
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| A set of people who provide norms and values that are used by an individual as a basis for his/her behavior. |
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| Influential members of a community, group, or society to whom others turn for advice, opinions, and views. |
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| An unplanned or spontaneous purchase. |
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| Intercepting the customer during the purchase process in order to influence decision making, often attempting to get the customer to make an unplanned purchase |
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| point-of-purchase marketing |
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| Promotional materials placed where the product is actually sold. |
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| The practice of adding unrelated items to a product assortment to increase sales. |
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| Suggesting additional, related items during a purchase. Also known as add-on and cross-selling. |
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| Mental shortcuts that help consumers narrow down choices; examples include: Price, What others have used, Something new/interesting, Well-known brand |
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| The buying behavior of organizations that buy goods and services for use in the production of other products and services or for the purpose of reselling, renting or providing them to others. |
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| Firms that reprocess a product or service they buy before selling it again to the next buyer. Manufacturers, Construction firms Farms, timber and fisheries Mining companies |
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| Organizations that provide goods and services to people in their care. Religious organizations Schools Prisons, hospitals, nursing homes, museums |
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| Firms that buy products from other businesses and resell them again without making significant alterations to their form. |
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| The federal, state, and local agencies that buy goods and services for the constituents they serve. |
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| An aggregate of individuals or organizations that have needs for products in a product class and who have the ability, willingness, and authority to purchase such products. |
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| A group of individuals, groups, or organizations that share one or more similar characteristics which make them have relatively similar product needs. |
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| Dividing a market into distinct groups with distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior who might require separate products or marketing mixes. |
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| A group of persons for whom a firm creates and maintains a marketing mix that specifically fits the needs and preferences of that group. |
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| The strategy that aims to make a brand occupy a distinct ‘position’ in the mind of the customer relative to competing brands. |
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| A compelling, engaging, and informative “promise” that summarizes the value a company provides to customers, supporting its position in the marketplace. |
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| changing a position-hard to due without losing credibility |
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| Marketing Information System (MkIS) |
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| The people, equipment, and procedures used to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers. |
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| design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. |
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| The search for relationships, patterns, and trends which, previously were not known. |
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| Data that have been collected, interpreted, or published by someone other than the current source. |
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| Firsthand information, including research, interviews, published studies, books, reports, articles, or other documents. |
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| A sample of consumers or stores from which researchers take a series of measurements over time. |
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| can't be answered with a yes or no |
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| can be answered with a yes or no |
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| collection and analysis of publicly available information about competitors and trends in the marketing environment. |
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