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| the actors close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers-the company, supplies, marketing intermediaries, customer markets, competitors and publics |
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| the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment-demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural forces |
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| firms that help the company to promote, sell and distribute its goods to final buyers |
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| the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation and other statistics |
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| the 78 million people born during the baby boom following WWII and lasting until 1964 |
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| the 45 million people born between 1965 and 1976 in the "birth dearth" following the baby boom |
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| Millennials/ Generation Y |
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| the 83 million children of the baby boomers, between 1977 & 2000 |
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| factors that affect consumer buying power and spending patterns |
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| differences noted more than a century ago by Ernest Engel in how people shift their spending across food, housing, transportation, health care, and other goods and services categories as family income rises |
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| natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities |
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| environmental sustainability |
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| developing strategies and practices that create a world economy that the plant can support indefinitely |
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| technological environment |
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| forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities |
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| laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals in a given society |
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| institutions and other forces that affect society's basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviors |
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