Term
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Definition
Oxygen Delivery
DO2= Arterial O2 x CO |
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Term
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Definition
Oxygen Consumption
VO2= (Arterial O2- Venous O2) x CO |
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Term
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Definition
Oxygen Extraction Ratio
OER= (Consumption/Delivery)= (VO2/DO2) |
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Term
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Definition
Inspired oxygen + Quality of air
Atmospheric air
Air Quality
Humidity |
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Term
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Definition
Airways
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT:
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT:
trachea
1* bronchi
lungs |
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Term
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Definition
Lungs + chest wall
RELAXED:
lung elastic force
chest wall elastic force
INHALE:
active
chest wall elastic force
active muscle contraction
lung elastic force |
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Term
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Definition
INSPIRATION- ^ vol. of pleural cavities
external intercostals: elevate ribs
diaphragm: depresses inf. wall of thoracic cavity
EXPIRATION: - dec. vol. of pleural cav.
Int. intercostals- compress + lower ribs
Abdominals- compress ab. cavity
- elevate ab. organs
- passively elevate diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
DIFFUSION
1: surface area of alveolar capillary membrane
2: diffusing capacity of alveolar capillary membrane
3: pulmonary capillary blood volume
4: transit time of blood at the capillary membrane
5: transit time of blood in alveolar capillary membrane
amount of O2 diffusion varies directly with size and inversely with thickness
Ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of O2 from alveolar sacs to pulmonary arterial circulation |
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Term
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Definition
PERFUSION
Apical: low perfusion
Lung base: perfusion ^ due to gravity
Apical: alveoli expand fully
lung base: enlarged vessels compress alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
MYOCARDIAL FUNCTION
synchronization of:
electrical excitation
CO -preload
-contractility
- afterload
measurement of Impairement
- HR
- Ejection fraction |
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Term
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Definition
PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
Large vessels:
elastic
ct
Med- Small Vessels:
smooth muscle |
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Term
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Definition
BLOOD FLOW
-from vascular beds |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrostatic + Oncotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
TISSUE EXTRACTION + UTILIZATION OF O2
*O2 diffusion occurs quickly
-from high to low
*Intracellular PO2 avg 23 mmHg
*3mmHg needed for cell metabolism
*OER @ rest is 23%
*Rate of O2 extraction is regulated by O2 demand |
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Term
| Rate of O2 extraction is regulated by: |
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Definition
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Term
| mmHg needed for cell metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
RETURN OF PARTIALLY SATURATED BLOOD + CO2 TO LUNGS
partially desaturated blood + CO2 are removed from cells to venous circulation |
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Term
| Disease factors that perturb O2 transport |
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Definition
bedrest
fever
disease itself
inflammation process
medication |
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Term
| Normal Factors that perturb O2 transport |
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Definition
activity
position
emotional stress |
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Term
| Greatest influences on O2 transport |
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Definition
Gravity
Exercise
CO
Tissue Utilization |
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Term
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Definition
1: normally gravity keeps fluid body/legs
2: loss of gravity allows fluid to shift to thorax/head
3: body responds by eliminating fluid
4: return to gravity, unable to adjust, fluid in legs |
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Term
| Body responds to loss of gravity by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Normally, gravity keeps fluid in: |
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Definition
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Term
| Loss of gravity allows fluid to shift: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1: Optimal CP fxn when
-upright
-moving
2: CP impairments + FXN limitations
3: Normal Physiology + Pathology |
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Term
| Elements of Patient/Client Management |
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Definition
Screening
Examination
Evaluation
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Intervention
Outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
Gen. Health
Skin
Respiratory system
CV system
Peripheral Vascular System
Neuro System
Hematologic System
Endocrine System |
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Term
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Definition
weight gain/loss
fatigue/malaise/weakness
fever chills
sweats/night sweats |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive dryness/moisture
Itching (puritis)
Excessive bruising
Lesion or rash |
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Term
| Respiratory System assessment |
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Definition
History of Lung Diseases
Chest pain with breathing
Wheezing or Noisy breathing
SOB
cough
Sputum
Meds |
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Term
| Cardiovascular system assessment |
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Definition
Heart or retrosternal pain
palpitations
cyanosis
dyspnea on exertion
orthopnia
edema
history of heart murmur, HTN, CAD, or anemia
Meds |
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Term
| Peripheral vascular system assessment |
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Definition
coldness, numbness, tingling of legs
swelling of legs
discoloration hands/feet
varicose veins
intermittent claudications
thrombophlebitis
ulcers
meds |
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Term
| Hematologic system assessment |
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Definition
Bleeding in skin or mucus membranes
excessive bruising
lymphnode swelling
blood transfusion + RXNs
meds |
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Term
| Endocrine system assessment |
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Definition
History of diabetes
history of thyroid disease
thyroid disease symptoms:
-change in skin texture
-excessive sweating
-relationship b/t appetite + weight
-nervousness
-tremors |
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Term
| External signs of O2 transport dysfunction |
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Definition
Skin: pale, cyanotic, cold
Speech: SOB
diaphoresis |
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Term
| Internal signs of O2 transport dysfunction |
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Definition
vitals
Respiratory patterns
Hypoxia (low pulse Ox)
Poor peripheral circulation
Decrease capillary refill (>3 seconds) |
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Term
| Cardiopulmonary Impairment Categories |
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Definition
*Impaired Aerobic Capacity- VO2 peak
*Gas Exchange abnormality- ABG or SaO2
*Ventilatory pimp abnormality- rib cage/ pleural space
*Airway clearance abnormality- ^ secretion or can't manage
*Cardiac pump abnormality - Decrease Ejection Fraction, CO
*Cardiovascular Abnormality- HR, BP response |
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Term
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Definition
Address Physical Activity
Address CV risk factors |
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Term
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Definition
^ Aerobic Capacity/ Endurance
^ Breathing pattern/ Ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
airway clearance
exercise: strength mobility, ADL |
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Term
| Membrane coverings of the heart |
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Definition
Parietal pericardium
-serous
-fibrous
Visceral pericardium
Pericardial Caviity |
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Term
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Definition
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium |
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Term
| Left Coronary artery branches: |
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Definition
Circumflex
LAD
-post Interventricular Artery |
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Term
| Right Coronary artery brances: |
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Definition
Marginal arteries
Post Interventricular Artery |
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Term
| Circumflex artery supplies: |
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Definition
| Left Atrium and Post walls of Left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| blood to interventricular septum |
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Term
| Posterior Interventricular ARtery supplies: |
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Definition
| Posterior ventricular walls |
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Term
| Together the RCA + Interventricular Artery supplies: |
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Definition
| Right Atrium and All Right Ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
Chambers- atria/ventricles
Structure- AV valves-bicuspid/tricuspid- semilunar |
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Term
| Specialized excitatory and conductive muscle fiber cells: |
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Definition
muscle cells
intercalated discs
gap jxns |
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Term
| Similarities b/t Cardiac and Skeletal mechanism of contraction |
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Definition
Striated
- Actin/myosin mechanism
T-Tubule mechanism
-acting on sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| Differences b/t Cardiac and Skeletal mechanism of contraction |
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Definition
T--tubule mechanism
- direct diffusion of Ca++
Action Potential
-cardiac muscle plateau
Strength of Contraction |
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Term
| Intrinsic conduction system of heart |
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Definition
SA node
Internodal pathways
AV node
Budnle of His
Purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker
smaller diameter muscle fibers
almost no contractile muscle fibers
connect directly w/ atrial muscle fibers
Cell mem is naturally leak to Na+ + CA++
-less negative resting mem potential tat other cardiac muscle cells
Fast Na+ channels
-less negative potential, inactivated
self excitation |
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Term
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Definition
Atrial depolarization
Atrial pressure |
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Term
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Definition
Ventricular depolarization
ventricular pressure |
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Term
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Definition
ventricular repolarization
ventricular relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
EVENTS THAT OCCUR FROM THE BEG. OF ONE HB TO THE BEG OF THE NEXT
Chamber + vessel blood vol. changes
Chamber + vessel blood pressure changes
Electrical Activity noted
Heart Sounds occur
Valves open + close |
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Term
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Definition
Period of relaxation
heart filling with blood |
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Term
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Definition
contraction period
heart ejects blood |
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Term
| Majority of returning venous blood flows directly from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Atrial Contraction usually causes an addition _ of ventricle filling |
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Definition
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Term
Ventricle filling:
After systole: |
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Definition
| AV valves open due to build of pressure in atria |
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Term
Ventricular filling:
During systole: |
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Definition
| Period of rapid filling of ventricles followed by 2 phases |
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Term
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Definition
| end-diastolic pressure when the ventricle is filled |
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Term
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Definition
Pressure in artery leading from the ventricle
the load against which the muscle exerts its contractile force |
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Term
| Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has a great dependency on _ for _ |
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Definition
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Term
| energy derived primarily from oxidative metabolism is from: |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart pumps ____ liters of blood/minute |
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Definition
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Term
| Intrinsic regulation of Cardiac pump |
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Definition
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Term
| extrinsic regulation of cardiac pump |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transport
- nutrients + O2
- waste + CO2 away from tissue
- hormones from one area of body to another
- heat throughout the body |
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Term
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Definition
transport blood under high pressure
strong vascular walls
blood flow is rapid |
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Term
Arterioles
characteristics |
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Definition
final small branches of arterial system
act as control conduits
-blood released into capillaries
strong muscular walls that vasoconstrict/dilate
innervated by SNS only |
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Term
Capillaries
characteristics |
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Definition
walls-very thin
contain small capillary pores
permeable to small molecular substance
exchange site for
nutrients
wastes
electrolytes
fluid |
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Term
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Definition
Collects blood from capillaries
gradually merge into larger veins |
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Term
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Definition
Transport blood from tissue to hear
serves as a blood reservoir
low pressure
thin walled
contain muscle- can constrict/dilate |
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Term
| Most blood volume is in what system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood flowing through a vessel, an organ, or the entire circulation in a given period |
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Term
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Definition
| the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood |
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Term
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Definition
opposition to flow
the amount of friction blood meets when passes through the vessels |
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Term
| Blood flow affected by 2 factors |
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Definition
Pressure gradient
vascular resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood flow = change in pressure divided by change in resistance |
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Term
| 2 descriptions of blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Normal blood flow
highest velocity in center of vessel |
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Term
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Definition
blood that does not flow linearly and smoothly
chotic
happens at:
branch points
diseased arteries
across stenotic heart valves
Increase energy required to drive blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
measure blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference
reciprocal of resistance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Diameter plays the greatest in determining___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| In systemic circulation 2/3s of resistance to flow is_______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| % of blood that consists of cells |
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Term
| viscosity has a(n) __________ relationship to blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| CO is primarily controlled by sum of _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| arterial pressure is controlled independently ____________ |
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Definition
| of local blood flow or CO |
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Term
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Definition
mean arterial pressure
pressure that propels blood to tissues |
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Term
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Definition
pulse pressure
affected by SV and compliance of arterial tree |
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Term
| MAP and PP decreases with ___________ |
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Definition
| increasing distance from heart |
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Term
| Pressure effect on force on blood flow? |
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Definition
increases force on blood flow through vessels
distends vessels |
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Term
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Definition
capacitance
total quanitity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation for each mmHg pressure rise
distensability x volume |
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Term
| Venous pressure influences_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Increasing decrease in Right Atrial pressure is a possible_____ |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 phases of local blood control |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased blood flow ___________ o2 saturation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
endothoelium derived relaxing factor
made primarily of nitric Oxide
reduces the resistance to BF in upstream arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| transient increase in organ Blood flow following a brief period of ischemia |
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Term
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Definition
Increase in organ blood flow associated with an increase in metabolic activity of an organ or tissue
muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
an Increase in tissue metabolism leads to an increase in blood flow
related to active hyperemia |
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Term
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Definition
if pressure within a vessel suddenly increased, vessels respond by constricting
related to Reactive Hyperemia |
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Term
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Definition
Nore/Epinepherine
Angiotensin II
Vasopressin
Endothelin |
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Term
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Definition
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