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Manual de Historia de Centroamérica
Rodolfo Cardenal
332
Language - Spanish
Intermediate
01/13/2020

Additional Language - Spanish Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
a duras penas
Definition
with great difficulty


hardly, barely (was able to...)
Term
a medias
Definition
half-heartedly
half-finished
halfway
Term
a medida que
Definition
as ([sth] else is happening)...

while

whenever
Term
a partir de
Definition
from (this moment), as of (this moment)

starting at
Term
a su gusto
Definition
as you like, as you please

to your liking, to your taste

to your heart's content
Term
abanico
Definition
fan
Term
abarcar
Definition
to cover, include, span, encompass

see, take in (via sight)

take on, attempt
Term
abogar
Definition
to stand up for, to intercede

to advocate for, to champion
Term
abolengo
Definition
ancestry, lineage
Term
acercar




acercarse
Definition
to move/set/put [sth] CLOSER
to endear bring [sb] CLOSER
to give a ride to, take [SW]

to get close to
to get interested in
Term
acercarse
Definition
to get close to, to approach

to become interested in
Term
acribillar
Definition
to riddle, to pepper, to blast away

to gun down, to mow down
Term
adecuado
Definition
correct

suitable, appropriate, sufficient

fit for the purpose
Term
ademas de
Definition
besides, as well as, in addition to
Term
ademas de que
Definition
besides the fact that...

in addition to...
Term
adepto
Definition
follower, supporter

an adept, enthusiast
Term
adolecer
Definition
to suffer from, to suffer,

to have (this/that condition)
Term
advenedizo
Definition
new, novice

foreign

latecomer, carpetbagger
Term
agallas
Definition
guts

(can be preceded by tener o con)
Term
aglutinar

aglutinarse
Definition
to bind together, to bring together

to unite, to come together
Term
agrado
Definition
liking, taste (nm)

kindness, generosity
Term
agredir
Definition
to attack, to assault

to attack, insult (verbally)
Term
aguardiente

guaro
Definition
moonshine (between 60 and 120 proof)
"fiery water"

made from sugar cane
Term
agudizar



agudizarse
Definition
to sharpen, to aggravate, exacerbate

to boost, sharpen, improve (mind, ability)

to worsen, to get worse
Term
agudo
Definition
high-pitched, piercing (sound)

sharp (knife)

clever, shrewd

sharp, intense (pain)
Term
ahora bien,
Definition
However, having said that,

Now then,
Term
ajeno



ajeno a
Definition
[sb] else's, other people's

alien, foreign

unconnected to
Term
ajustar
Definition
to fit, to tighten

to adjust, to adapt to
Term
al pie de la letra
Definition
to the T (as in, it fits), very precisely

seguir... - to follow to the letter
tomar ... - to take [sth] literally
Term
alboroto
Definition
a racket, a din

commotion, uproar, disturbance
Term
alegar
Definition
to cite, allege, claim, to put forward

to allege, put forward (give an excuse)
Term
alertar
Definition
to alert, to warn
Term
allanar
Definition
to level, flatten, even out

to break into, to break and enter
Term
anteproyecto
Definition
draft (often, of a bill)
Term
antojo
Definition
whim, fancy

craving
Term
aparecer
Definition
to appear, materialize

to appear, show up, turn up
Term
aplastar
Definition
to squash, to crush
Term
apoderar



apoderarse
Definition
to authorize, to empower



to take possession of, to take control of
Term
apreciar



apreciarse
Definition
to appreciate, think highly of, esteem

to see (completely)

(se) to be appreciated, to rise in value
Term
arrasar
Definition
to level, flatten, smooth (a surface)

to destroy, raze, devastate (a place)
Term
arreciar
Definition
to get worse

to intensify

to escalate
Term
arribar
Definition
to arrive, dock, put in at a port

to arrive, land, light (at a site)
Term
arrimar



arrimarse
Definition
to place near

to bring near

to approach, come closer
Term
arrinconado
Definition
put in a corner, put away

forgotten

cornered
cornered
Term
arrojar
Definition
to throw, toss, hurl

produce, generate, bring

vomit
Term
articular
Definition
to articulate

to assemble or join together
Term
asegurar



asegurarse de que
Definition
to secure, assure

to CLAIM

to insure, to guarantee

to make sure that, be sure that
Term
asentamiento
Definition
settlement

colony

(derecho de asent. en tierras baldías)
Term
aserradero
Definition
sawmill
Term
asesorar

asesorarse
Definition
advise, inform

to seek advice or counsel
Term
atracar
Definition
to rob, hold up, to mug

to dock (ship), to berth
Term
atropello
Definition
accident, hit and run

shove, push

abuse
Term
auge
Definition
peak, height

boom, rapid growth
Term
ayuntamiento
Definition
local government, town council

town hall
Term
azar
Definition
fate, chance, mishap, luck (good or bad)
Term
azote
Definition
scourge, cat-o-nine tails

a lash
Term
añil
Definition
indigo
dye color (violet blue) or plant
Term
baldío
Definition
useless, pointless

empty, barren land, uncultivated plot
Term
beneficiarse
Definition
to benefit from

to profit by
Term
borde
Definition
edge, border
Term
botar
Definition
to bounce

to fire, to kick out (of a job)

to throw away, to chuck
Term
burla
Definition
taunt, jibe, mockery

joke

trick
Term
cabildo
Definition
town council
Term
caer en la cuenta
Definition
to realize

to notice

to dawn on (sb)
Term
cafeto
Definition
coffee tree
Term
callejón
Definition
alley, alleyway, passage
Term
carestía
Definition
shortage, lack, dearth

high cost, high price
Term
carátula
Definition
cover
(of a book or magazine)

cover sheet
Term
casco urbano
Definition
urban area, city center
Term
celos
Definition
jealousy
Term
cercanía

cercanías
Definition
proximity, nearness (nf)

surroundings, vicinity (nf)
Term
cerrado
Definition
close-minded, immovable, set-in-your-ways

private, timid, shy
Term
chantaje
Definition
blackmail, extortion
Term
chicha
Definition
maize liquor
Term
chiflar
Definition
whistle
boo, whistle at
Term
chiflarse
Definition
to lose your marbles, to go crazy

to have a crush on
Term
codicioso
Definition
greedy
Term
cometido
Definition
task
Term
con tal de



con tal de que
Definition
from, because of, in so far as



so that, in order that
Term
con toda razón
Definition
rightly, with complete justification
Term
concertar
Definition
to agree to (as a group)

to set up

to arrange
Term
conforme
Definition
(adj) in agreement

(adv) just as...
Term
congraciar
Definition
to feel special
Term
congraciarse
Definition
to win over
Term
consigna
Definition
slogan, chant (at a demonstration)
Term
constar




constar de
Definition
to be stated, recorded, documented



to consist of
Term
constar de
Definition
to consist of

to be made up of
Term
constarse (algo a alguien)
Definition
to be sure that...
to be certain
Term
constatar
Definition
to confirm, verify, establish
Term
contable
Definition
adj. (relating to) accounting

accountant

countable
Term
contar con
Definition
to count on, to rely on

to have, expect, anticipate

to take into account
Term
contrarrestar
Definition
to counter, counteract, to offset
Term
conviene advertir...
Definition
It is appropriate to note that...

It should be noted ...
Term
correr la misma suerte
Definition
to suffer the same fate
Term
coyuntura
Definition
situation, circumstance

opportunity, occasion

joint (anatomy)
Term
criollo
Definition
of european parents but born in america
Term
culta
Definition
learned, educated, cultured

worship, devotion
Term
curva de aprendizaje
Definition
learning curve
Term
dar la cara
Definition
face the consequences (verb)
Term
dar pie a algo
Definition
to lead to

give rise to

to give cause for

to provoke
Term
darse cuenta
Definition
to finally understand

to realize, to notice [sth]
Term
de ahi que
Definition
so, so that

thus, therefore, hence

Llovía torrencialmente, de ahi que era imposible…
Term
de mala gana
Definition
grudgingly, with a bad attitude
Term
de nuevo

?Que hay de nuevo?
Definition
again, once again

What's new?
Term
de paso
Definition
passing through

while you're at it..., on your way

temporary, transient
Term
de por si
Definition
in itself, on its own, per se
Term
de soslayo
Definition
sideways

sidelong glance

out of the corner of your eye
Term
dejar constancia de
Definition
leave proof of, make a record of
Term
derogar
Definition
to repeal, abrogate (law)

to revoke
Term
derrocar
Definition
to overthrow, topple, depose, oust

to demolish, to tear down
Term
desacato
Definition
contempt (of court)
Term
desafiar
Definition
to challenge

to defy

to brave
Term
desbordar

desbordarse
Definition
to cause to overflow, to overflow

to overflow with, to spill over
Term
descarada
Definition
shameless, insolent,

impertinent, sassy
Term
descartar
Definition
to dismiss, rule out, reject

(discard)
Term
desconcierto
Definition
bewilderment
Term
descontado
Definition
discounted
Term
descontar
Definition
deduct, subtract, to discount
Term
descuido
Definition
carelessness, slip-up, oversight

neglect
Term
desde entonces
Definition
from then on, since then, from now on

ever since
Term
desembocar
Definition
to flow in to, to run into

to lead into

to end in, to result in
Term
desempeñar
Definition
to perform, to carry out, to execute
Term
desencadenar
Definition
to take off the chains, to unleash

to trigger, unleash, let loose, set off
Term
desenfrenado
Definition
insatiable, uncontrollable, immoderate

man possessed, runaway train, in a frenzy
Term
desenlace
Definition
ending, outcome, denouement
Term
desentenderse de
Definition
to get out of

to wash your hands of

avoid, shirk
Term
desesperar



desesperarse
Definition
drive to despair, to infuriate
to make [sb] lose hope


to despair, give up/ lose hope
Term
desfigurar
Definition
to distort (change form)

to disfigure, maim
Term
desgastar
Definition
to wear away (from use)
to wear down
to erode
Term
desgastarse
Definition
to wear yourself out
to exhaust oneself
Term
deshacer



deshacerse

deshacerse de
Definition
to melt, dissolve
to undo, ruin, destroy


to come undone

to get rid of
Term
desmesurado
Definition
excessive, disproportionate
Term
desmoronarse
Definition
to collapse, fall down

to have a breakdown
Term
despojar


despojarse
Definition
to strip, divest of [sth]
to deprive, to rob

to relinquish, to give up
Term
destierro
encierro
entierro
Definition
exile
imprison
bury
Term
desvelo
Definition
insomnia, sleeplessness, inability to sleep
Term
desvirtuar
Definition
to distort, to twist
Term
detenerse
Definition
to stop
Term
dilatar
Definition
to extend

to expand

to prolong or delay
Term
diluir

diluir(se)
Definition
to dilute, water down

to dissolve, become diluted
Term
dirimir
Definition
to settle or resolve (a dispute)

to dissolve, annul, declare void
Term
disfrazar
Definition
to put on a disguise, a costume
Term
divisas
Definition
foreign currency

emblem, badge
Term
el hecho mismo
Definition
the fact itself

the simple fact
Term
empréstito
Definition
loan

loan capital
Term
empujar
Definition
to push

to drive (forward)

to urge
Term
en buena medida
Definition
in good measure
Term
en cambio
Definition
however, whereas, instead

by contrast, in contrast, conversely
Term
en cuanto
Definition
as soon as..., when ...

while

as a ([sth] else)...
Term
en cuanto tal
Definition
"as such"


los criollos, __ _____ ___, quedaron...
the creoles, as such, remained...
Term
en curso
Definition
ongoing

in development
Term
en ese entonces
Definition
back then, in those days
Term
en la medida en que
en la medida que
Definition
according to...

in proportion with...


to the extent that...
Term
encarecimiento
Definition
increase, rise (in prices)
Term
enganchar
Definition
to hook [sth] - gancho es "a hook"

to fasten, to hook up, to couple
Term
ensanchar
Definition
to widen, broaden

to expand, to extend
Term
enseguida
Definition
right away, immediately

beside (to one side, space-wise)
Term
entredicho
Definition
in question, in doubt, questionable

a ban, prohibition
Term
entregar
Definition
to deliver

to hand over

to entrust, to put in charge
Term
envergadura
Definition
magnitude, reach, significance

breadth of a boat

size
Term
equiparar
Definition
to compare

to equate

to put on the same level
Term
esbirro
Definition
henchman, thug, killer, enforcer

flunky, minion
Term
escarmiento
Definition
a lesson, a warning (to the wise)

punishment, chastisement
Term
eslabón
Definition
link (in a chain)
Term
espejismo
Definition
mirage, illusion
Term
estancia
Definition
ranch
Term
estorbar
Definition
to disturb, to bother, to upset

hinder, obstruct, get in the way of
Term
etiqueta
Definition
label, tag
Term
falaz
Definition
false, untrue, fallacious

deceitful, misleading
Term
fechoría
Definition
mischief
hacer una ___, to be up to no good

misdemeanor
Term
granjear
Definition
to win or gain or earn respect
Term
gravar
Definition
to tax, to levy

to overload with work
Term
gravoso
Definition
burdensome
Term
gremio
Definition
guild, union, trade union
Term
género
Definition
type, kind

race, gender

genre, style
Term
hacer caso
Definition
to pay attention to
to take notice of
listen
Term
hacer caso omiso
Definition
to ignore

to close your ears to [sth]
Term
hacer cumplir
Definition
to enforce
Term
hacer de menos
Definition
to put down
(to demean)
[sth, o sb]
Term
hacer las veces de
Definition
to work as (i.e, filling in for [sb])
to serve as, to fill in as, to be used as
Term
hacer saber
Definition
to let [sb] know,
make sure [sb] knows
tell [sb],
inform [sb]
Term
halagar
Definition
to flatter, to suck up to
Term
haragán
Definition
(nm) idler, loafer, bum, shirker

(adj.) lazy, idle
Term
hasta la fecha
Definition
to date

until now
Term
hato
Definition
bundle (for a vagabond)

herd (cows)

crowd of people
Term
huir
Definition
to escape from, to flee
Term
idóneo
Definition
ideal, fit, suitable
Term
impedir
Definition
to prevent

to impede
Term
imponer



imponerse
Definition
to impose a task, someone's will

to instill fear or respect

to prevail; to be needed
Term
impulsar
Definition
to propel, or displace by force

to drive, motivate, inspire
Term
incluso
Definition
even, including
Term
infidencia
Definition
betrayal, disloyalty
Term
ingenio
Definition
ingenuity

wit

factory, mill
Term
ingenua
Definition
naive, guileless
Term
injerencia
Definition
interference, meddling
Term
insalvable
Definition
insurmountable

unachievable

unconquerable
Term
insoslayable
Definition
unavoidable

inescapable
Term
integrar
Definition
to integrate, to fit in

to be part of a group
Term
intromision
Definition
meddling, interference

interruption
Term
inusitado
Definition
unusual, rare

not anticipated
Term
juez
Definition
a judge
Term
jugoso
Definition
juicy, succulent
Term
ladino
Definition
a hispanicized person in America
or, refers to ALL non-spanish

a mix of amerindian-european
(only speaks Spanish)
(their accent sounded like the spanish of sephardic Jews)
Term
langosta
Definition
lobster or locust
Term
latifundio
Definition
large estate
Term
lema
Definition
motto, slogan, catchphrase
Term
limítrofe (adj.)
Definition
(adj.) bordering, adjoining,
adjacent
Term
llamativo
Definition
flashy, showy, garish

stiking, remarkable, attention-grabbing
Term
llaneza
Definition
simplicity

straightforwardness
Term
llevar a cabo



llevarse a cabo
Definition
to carry out, carry though, accomplish, do

to bring about

to be carried out
Term
malestar
Definition
physical discomfort

unrest

unease, discomfort
Term
maña
Definition
manna from heaven

a knack, a skill, an aptitude

a deception, a con, a hustle
Term
mengua
Definition
a decrease, a reduction
Term
meollo
Definition
the core, the heart, the pith of the matter
Term
mescolanza
Definition
hodgepodge
strange mix
Term
mesura
Definition
moderation, restraint

courtesy
Term
meter

meterse
Definition
to put or place

to get into, to get in
Term
minar
Definition
to mine, to dig

to undermine
Term
molienda
Definition
mill

milling season
Term
motin
Definition
riot, rebellion, mutiny
Term
mulato
Definition
mix of african-european
Term
más bien
Definition
rather, more like
Term
no llamar la atención
Definition
to not draw attention
to not stand out
Term
no obstante
Definition
however,

nevertheless,

Notwithstanding,

even so


all the same,
Term
o bien
Definition
either...or
Term
ocuparse
Definition
take care of
take responsibility for
take on [sth]
Term
oferta
Definition
offer, bid, tender

supply (as in supply and demand)
Term
osado
Definition
daring, bold, courageous

audacious, cheeky
Term
para entonces ya
Definition
by then

by that time

already
Term
paradero
Definition
whereabouts, location
Term
pasar por alto
Definition
to overlook, to pass over

to let pass

to ignore
Term
pastizales
Definition
grassland
Term
pasto
Definition
pasture, grass, grazing
Term
patrón
Definition
pattern, model (nm)

boss, master, owner, patron
Term
pedriza
pedregoso
Definition
stony or rocky
Term
penacho
Definition
crest, plume (birds, helmets)

plume (of gas)
Term
percatarse
Definition
to realize [sth] clearly, become aware of

to perceive, to pick up on

to wise up
Term
pertrechos
Definition
ammo and supplies

gear, equipment (for war)
Term
pesadumbre
Definition
grief
Term
pese a que
Definition
despite
in spite of
Term
picardía
Definition
slyness, cunning

mischievousness, lewdness
Term
piedra angular
Definition
cornerstone, keystone

foundation stone, building block
Term
planteamiento
Definition
approach, plan, proposal
Term
plenamente
Definition
thoroughly, completely, to the fullest
Term
poca cosa
Definition
nothing much

small matter
Term
poner en aprietos
Definition
to put [sb] in a difficult position

to give a hard time

to embarrass
Term
por consiguiente
Definition
as a consequence, consequently
Term
por la razón que fuese,...
Definition
For whatever reason,...
Term
por si sirve de algo
Definition
in case it is useful, in case it helps
Term
por último
Definition
finally, lastly
Term
posponer
Definition
to postpone, to put off

to put before, to subordinate
Term
predicar
Definition
to preach
Term
pregonar
Definition
to announce, to proclaim

to make public, to spread
Term
prescindir de
Definition
to get rid of [sb]...,

to do without, to manage without

to sack, to fire
Term
presumido
Definition
boastful, arrogant
Term
presuponer
Definition
to presuppose, to assume

to anticipate

to require
Term
pretender (sustantivo)
Definition
pretender (aspirant) to the throne
Term
pretender (verbo)
Definition
to hope to, or to expect to

to intend or aim to

to claim (AmL)
Term
promover
Definition
to promote [sb]

to promote/sponsor [idea/cause]
Term
propagarse
Definition
to spread, propagate (substances, ideas)

proliferate, spread (biological)

spread (diseases)
Term
propicia
Definition
propitious, favorable
Term
pulmonia
Definition
pneumonia
Term
pulpería
Definition
local (small) grocery or convenience store

[de pulpo?, por los tentáculos necesarios para cobrar las mercancías]
Term
quintal
Definition
100 lbs.
Term
radicar
Definition
to take root, or set down roots

to lay in or be located in...

to be situated in

to be based in
Term
raquítico
Definition
emaciated (person), stunted (plant)

meager, skimpy
Term
rasgo
Definition
brushstroke

characteristic

act
Term
razón de ser
Definition
reason to be / to exist

raison d'etre
Term
recabar
Definition
to collect, compile

to claim, demand
Term
recordar
Definition
to remember, to recall

to remind
Term
recorrer
Definition
to go down, across, through, over

to tour through, traverse

to look over, look around
Term
recurrir
Definition
to appeal to, to go to, resort to (4 help)

to return, to come back
Term
regatear
Definition
(nm) haggling, bargaining

(vtr) bargain, negotiate

(vtr) to scrimp on, economize on
(escatimar)
Term
rehuir
Definition
to avoid
to shy away from
to keep clear of
Term
reivindicativo
Definition
radical, activist
Term
remontarse
Definition
to go back to (in time)

to date back to

to rise or soar
Term
repartir
Definition
to distribute, hand out, give out

to share out

to deliver
Term
resabio
Definition
a vice, bad habit (nm)

bad taste, aftertaste (flavor)
Term
resultar
Definition
to emerge from, to come of (an action)

to become, to turn out to be

to seem, to look
Term
rogar
Definition
to beg, plead (for)

to pray (for)
Term
rubro
Definition
the title or heading (of a text) (AmL)

the market, sector (AmS)
Term
saldar
Definition
to settle, pay off, a debt

to settle, sort out, a problem

to sell off (merchandise)
Term
salirse con la suya
Definition
to get your way, to have your way

to beat the rap, to get away with murder
Term
salvar



salvarse
Definition
to save/rescue


to get out of, to be declared innocent
Term
según se hace mayor,...
Definition
As you get older...,

The older you get...,
Term
sementera
Definition
sowing, planting, seeding

sown field, planted field, crop field

breeding ground
Term
sepelio
Definition
burial, funeral, internment
Term
servidumbre
Definition
servants, servant staff

serfdom, servitude, (slavery - figurative)
Term
señorío
Definition
estate, manor

dominance, control
Term
sin más
Definition
just like that

without any warming

without further ado
Term
sin prever que
Definition
without foreseeing, or planning for

without anticipating
Term
so color de...
Definition
under the pretext of...
Term
so pena de...
Definition
under penalty of...
Term
sobremanera
Definition
(adv) greatly, in a big way

exceedingly
Term
sobresaliente
Definition
(adj.) outstanding

(adj.) sticking out, protruding
Term
sobresueldo
Definition
a bonus
Term
sofocar
Definition
to smother, to extinguish (a fire)

to stifle, to smother
Term
sortear
Definition
to avoid (with difficulty)

to bypass

to weather, to navigate through
Term
subasta
Definition
auction

bid, tendering
Term
suegro
Definition
father-in-law
Term
sufragar
Definition
to defray (costs)

to provide money for

to cast a vote
Term
sumir
Definition
to push down

to plunge, to sink

Sumió el pedal - he pushed down the pedal
Term
sumirse
Definition
to sink (emotionally)

to be lost in thought
Term
suntuario
Definition
sumptuous, luxurious (adj.)
Term
supeditar
Definition
to be dependent on

to be subject to
Term
superar
Definition
to surpass

to overcome
Term
suplir
Definition
to make up for, to make good

to replace, take the place of
Term
suprimir
Definition
to suppress, abolish, eliminate

to delete or erase (text)
Term
surtir efecto
Definition
to do the trick, to take effect

to work magic, to have an effect

(regarding a measure, a remedy, advice, etc)
Term
tajada
Definition
share, cut, slice
Term
talante
Definition
disposition, mood, humor, frame of mind
Term
tardía
Definition
late

belated

tardy
Term
tasar
Definition
to fix a value, rate, for something

to appraise the value
Term
tejedor
Definition
weaver

knitter
Term
tendencia
Definition
tendency, inclination

trend, movement
Term
tildar

tildar de
Definition
to put an accent on

to brand as, to stigmatize as
Term
tomar conciencia de...
Definition
to be/become aware of...
Term
tomar cuerpo
Definition
to take shape
Term
tomar la delantera
Definition
to get the upper hand,

to forge ahead

to take the lead
Term
tontería

hacer tonterías
Definition
nonsense

mess around, fool around
Term
trapiche
Definition
mill, sugar cane mill

crusher (of rocks)
Term
trámite
Definition
process, procedure

formality
Term
tugurio
Definition
hovel, shack

slums
Term
tutela
Definition
guardianship, protection

custody, tutelage
Term
ubicar
Definition
to put (in a place), to assign

to find or locate (sb o sth)
Term
una vez que
Definition
once (I get started)
a soon as
Term
utilidades
Definition
utilities

retained earnings, profits
Term
vecino
Definition
neighbor

denizen

citizen
Term
veridico
Definition
true (as in, it is true)
truthful
Term
vislumbrar



vislumbrarse
Definition
to discern, to make out

to glimpse, envisage

to appear in sight, come into view
Term
zambo
Definition
mix of african-amerindian
Term
zarpar
Definition
to set sail
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