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| a council conducted in Northern Italy to assist in Counter-Reformation; it had a great impact on the arts, particularly Spain |
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| the artistic style that dominated the period from Michelangelo's death to the rise of the Baroque Age |
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| his troops sacked Rome and, being the nephew of Catherine of Aragon, he is partly the reason King Henry the VIII's divorce was denied by the Pope |
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| Father of the Jesuit Order; a wounded warrior, he became a "soldier" for God |
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| championing a "spiritual perspective" over a naturalistic one, this Greek painter was a favorite of the Spanish nobles and cardinals |
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| tutored in the Italian Renaissance arts, this Spanish painter was famed for her portraits and served as court painter to Philip II |
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| wrote the Spanish masterpiece Don Quixote, a satirical composition illustrating the huge gap between Spain's aristocrats and peasants; idealism tempered by realism |
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| this Venetian artist is considered the leader of Late Mannerism and his style is characterized by emotion, feverish haste, and impetuosity |
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| Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina |
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| the best composer of the Counter-Reformation period, his lyrics were clearly enunciated to be better understood by the uneducated |
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| this German monk rejected the Roman Catholic church's sale of indulgences, writing out his arguments and views in what came to be called his Ninety-five theses |
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| this theology, founded by Martin Luther, revived the belief that the bible was the sole source of religious authority; the Eucharist was held sacred |
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| this French religious reformer preached predestination and that the Church should hold power over affairs of the state; his own theology led to the rise of Puritanism |
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| under her reign, England experienced a resurgence in the theater as the country was lulled into religious calm |
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| founded the Church of England by placing himself as head of the pre-existing Anglican church, in order to grant himself a divorce |
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| this scholar wrote The Praise of Folly and would become hated by both the Catholic Church and Martin Luther |
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| this pope took the lead in the Catholic Counter-Reformation |
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| he painted a portrait of Cardinal Guevara |
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| His death marks the transition into Late Mannerism |
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| His death marks the beginning of Early Mannerism |
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| painted The Last Supper, at the climax of Mannerist painting |
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| painted a Portrait of Don Carlos |
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| the attempt to purify the Catholic Church from within; this movement had started before Luther's complaints |
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| in this fresco by Michelangelo, classical serenity gives way to fearful emotion; contrapposto is lost to twisted poses; and balanced scenes are self-conciously chaotic |
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| this sculpture by Michelangelo is rougher in texture, depicts the body of Jesus as elongated, and the faces of the subjects are distorted by emotion |
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