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Mankiw 5th Chapter 04
Chapter 4: The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
20
Economics
Undergraduate 2
06/10/2010

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Term
competitive market
Definition
A market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker.
Term
complements
Definition
Two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to a decrease in the demand for the other.
Term
demand curve
Definition
A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.
Term
demand schedule
Definition
A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity demanded.
Term
equilibrium
Definition
A situation in which the market price has reached the level at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.
Term
equilibrium price
Definition
The price that balances quantity supplied and quantity demanded.
Term
equilibrium quantity
Definition
The quantity supplied and the quantity demanded at the equilibrium price.
Term
inferior good
Definition
A good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in demand.
Term
law of demand
Definition
The claim that, other things equal, the quantity demanded of a good falls when the price of the good rises.
Term
law of supply
Definition
The claim that, other things equal, the quantity supplied of a good rises when the price of the good rises.
Term
law of supply and demand
Definition
The claim that the price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balance.
Term
market
Definition
A group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.
Term
normal good
Definition
A good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an increase in demand.
Term
quantity demanded
Definition
The amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase.
Term
quantity supplied
Definition
The amount of a good that sellers are willing and able to sell.
Term
shortage
Definition
A situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied.
Term
substitutes
Definition
Two goods for which an increase in the price of one leads to an increase in the demand for the other.
Term
supply curve
Definition
A graph of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.
Term
supply schedule
Definition
A table that shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity supplied.
Term
surplus
Definition
A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded.
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