Term
| Hofstedes model of 4 cultural dimensions |
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Definition
1) individualism/collectivism
2) power distance
3) uncertainty avoidance
4) masculinity/ femininity |
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Definition
| indicates a preference for a loosely knit social framework in which people are expected to take care of themselves |
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Definition
| preference for a tightly knit social framework in which people and organizations are expected to look after each other |
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Definition
| refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in social situations |
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Term
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Definition
how strongly do people desire certainty?
1) high-people feel uncomfortable with uncertainty
2) low- high tolerance for the uncertain |
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Definition
| achievement, assertiveness, material success |
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Definition
| cooperation, and group decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people |
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Term
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Definition
| shared meanings derive from written and spoken words |
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Term
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Definition
| people rely heavily on situational cues for meanings when communicating with other |
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Term
| GLOBE projects 9 cultural dimensions |
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Definition
1) power distance
2) uncertainty avoidance
3) institutional collectivism
4) in-group collectivism
5) gender egalitarianism
6) assertiveness
7) future orientation
8) performance orientation
9) humane orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| employees, owners, board of directors |
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Term
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Definition
| task environment, general environment |
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Term
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Definition
1) customers
2) competitors
3) financial institutions
4) suppliers
5) distributors
6) government regulators
7) special interest groups
8) employee organizations
9) local community
10) mass media
11) strategic allies |
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Term
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Definition
1) technological
2) economic
3) international
4) demographic
5) political-legal
6) socio-cultural |
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Term
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Definition
| represents all the ways people are alike and unalike-->differences in age, gender, race, religion, etc |
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Term
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Definition
4 layers
1) personality
2) internal
3) external
4) organizational |
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Term
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Definition
those human differences that exert a powerful sustained effect through every stage of our lives. EX: age, gender, race, physical ability, etc
HAVE NO CONTROL OVER (Primary) |
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Term
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Definition
include an element of choice; they consist of the person characteristics that people acquire, discard or modify
HAVE CONTROL OVER (Secondary)
religion, experiences, income, location, etc |
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Term
| Trends in workforce diversity |
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Definition
1) age: older people in workforce
2) gender: more women working
3) race & ethnicity: more colored people
4) sexual orientation: gays and lesbians become more visible
5) people with differing physical and mental abilities
6) education levels |
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Term
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Definition
1) stereotypes and prejudices
2) fears of reverse discrimination
3) resistance to diversity programs
4) unsupportive social atmosphere
5) lack of support for family demands
6) lack of support for career building steps |
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Term
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Definition
| the standards that an individual or a group has about what is right and wrong or good and evil |
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Term
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Definition
| the discipline that examines one's moral standards or the moral standards of a society |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized study of moral right and wrong that concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business institutions organizations and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
1) systemic
2) corporate
3) individual |
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Term
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Definition
| social systems or institutions within which businesses operate |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual company taken as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| a particular individual or individuals within a company and their behaviors and decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that there are no ethical standards that are absolutely true and that apply should be applied to the companies and people of all societies |
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Term
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Definition
1) preconventional
2) conventional
3) postconventional |
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Term
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Definition
child is able to respond to rules and social expectations and can apply good, bad ,right or wrong. these rules are imposed on oneself
1) punishment and obedience orientation
2) instrumental and relative orientation |
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Term
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Definition
the person at this level does not merely conform to expectations but exhibits loyalty to the group and its norms
3) interpersonal concordance orientation
4) law and order orientation |
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Term
| postconventional orientations |
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Definition
final stage, balance of self and society. looks through the lens of an impartial
5) social contract orientation
6) universal ethical principles orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| the reasoning process by which human behaviors, institutions or policies are judged in accordance with or in violation of moral standards |
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Term
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Definition
| the data must be well-supported by the scientific method |
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Term
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Definition
| must show that the behavior, policy or institution being judged has precisely those characteristics that are proscribed by the moral standards |
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Term
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Definition
| it must take into account all relevant information and not selectively advert some |
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Term
| arguments for business ethics |
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Definition
1) most people are ethical, value ethical behavior, and punish unethical
2) ethical behavior is consistent with business profit goals
3) ethical companies are more profitable in the long run
4) cooperation will generate better results |
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Term
| moral responsibility is incurred only |
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Definition
when a person knowingly and freely acts
and not
inability, ignorance or not in free will |
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Term
| objections to business ethics |
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Definition
1) only pursue financial interests
2) in perfectly competitive markets the pursuit of profits will ensure members of society are well off |
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Term
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Definition
cost benefit analysis-->cost of doing compared to not doing (Pinto)
it suggests that the decisions made on the basis of creating greater good or benefit for the society |
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Term
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Definition
1) universalizability-->how would you like it if everybody did that?
2) reversibility-->how would you like it if he did that to you? |
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Term
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Definition
| allocating scarce benefits and undesirable burdens in a way that are just and fair |
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Term
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Definition
justice as equality
- there are no relevant differences among people that can justify unequal treatment
- every persons should be given exactly equal shares |
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Term
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Definition
| justice based on contribution to society |
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Term
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Definition
justice based on needs and abilities
work burdens should be distributed according to abilities |
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Term
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Definition
justice as freedom from coercion of others
- any distribution of benefits and burdens is just if it is the result of the individuals freely choosing |
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Term
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Definition
if a society is unjust to some f its members, we normally condemn that society
- justice do not generally override the moral rights of the individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| justice of blaming or punishing persons for doing wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| justice of restoring to a persons lost due to a wrong doing |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate the kind of care that is owed to those with whom we have special concrete relationships |
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Term
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Definition
1) evaluation of social costs and benefits
2) respect for individual rights
3) just distribution of benefits and burdens
4) caring for those in concrete relationships |
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