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| CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT |
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| Economic Stabilization Program ESP |
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| price and wage controls by Nixon |
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| Proposal by Carter for hospitals to 'voluntarily' reduce costs. Defeated by congress in 79 |
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| Program to regulate the expansion of healthcare facilities to a level govt deemed needed. |
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| Medicare Prospective Payment System PPS |
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| Medicare pays hospitals fixed reimbursement for specific procedures. Usually under market costs to promote cost containment. |
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| a system of health care that combines the financing and delivery of health services into a single entity |
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| Diagnostic Related Groups |
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| patient classification systems by which the Medicare PPS determines payment. |
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| One nurse assumes total responsibility for the planning and delivery of care to client or group of clients. |
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| assembly line; division of labor; nurse manager; Jobs, procedures, policies, lines of communication clearly defined. |
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| group dynamics and job satisfaction; emphasizes holistic care and increases client and employee satisfaction |
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| Modular Nursing care model |
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| current version of Team model. Considers the actual layout of unit allowing staff proximity to clients; Each RN heads paraprofessional team |
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| the structuring of nursing roles and functions based on the individual's education, experience, competence. |
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| services and staff organized around client needs |
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| Components of clinical services and departments organized around a distinct product |
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| Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
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| the setting care is given and resources that are available |
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| activities carried out by staff and decisions made from intake to follow up |
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| unexpected event that doesn't result in patient or client injury |
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| event that results in clinically significant interruption of therapy or service, or minor injury to staff or client or significant loss of property |
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| unexpected event resulting in death and or serious/permanent injury. |
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| An individual's state of health is one of continual change. He moves back and forth from health to illness and back to health again. His condition is rarely constant. |
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It empowers nurses to use their clinical knowledge and expertise to develop, direct and sustain our own professional practice.
It allows nurses to network with colleagues and to collaborate among units and departments. |
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was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States, graduating in 1879.
In 1908, she co-founded the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) with Adah B. Thoms. |
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| was a celebrated English nurse, writer and statistician. An Anglican, Nightingale believed that God had called her to be a nurse. She came to prominence for her pioneering work in nursing during the Crimean War, where she tended to wounded soldiers. She was dubbed "The Lady with the Lamp" after her habit of making rounds at night. |
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| defined nursing as "assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery" graduated from the Army School of Nursing, Washington, D.C., in 1921..20th century Flo Nightingale. |
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The Caring Model was developed in 1979. Emphasizes the humanistic aspects of nursing in combination with
scientific knowledge |
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the founder of American community nursing. "Public Health Nurse" "School Nurse" One of the founders of NAACP
Visiting Nurse Service of NY... Henry Street Settlement House |
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| Hospitalers who were specialized soldiers who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured. These were made up of: |
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The Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
The Teutonic Knights
Knights of St. Lazarus |
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| (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, patent clerk, nurse, and humanitarian. She is best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross. From 1854 to 1855 she worked as first woman clerk in the US Patent Office... In 1864 she was appointed by Union General Benjamin Butler as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James...In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln placed Clara in charge of the search for the missing men of the Union Army. |
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| proposed 2 levels of nursing; developed an associate's degree nursing program at adelphia university. |
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| Benner's Stages of Clinical Competence |
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Stage 1: Novice
Stage 2: Advanced Beginner
Stage 3: Competent
Stage 4: Proficient
Stage 5: The Expert |
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Beginners have had no experience of the situations in which they are expected to perform. Novices are taught rules to help them perform. The rules are context-free and independent of specific cases; hence the rules tend to be applied universally. The rule-governed behavior typical of the novice is extremely limited and inflexible. As such, novices have no "life experience" in the application of rules.
"Just tell me what I need to do and I'll do it." |
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| Stage 2: Advanced Beginner |
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| Advanced beginners are those who can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance, those who have coped with enough real situations to note, or to have pointed out to them by a mentor, the recurring meaningful situational components. These components require prior experience in actual situations for recognition. Principles to guide actions begin to be formulated. The principles are based on experience. |
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| Competence, typified by the nurse who has been on the job in the same or similar situations two or three years, develops when the nurse begins to see his or her actions in terms of long-range goals or plans of which he or she is consciously aware. |
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| The proficient performer perceives situations as wholes rather than in terms of chopped up parts or aspects, and performance is guided by maxims. Proficient nurses understand a situation as a whole because they perceive its meaning in terms of long-term goals. |
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| The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action. The expert nurse, with an enormous background of experience, now has an intuitive grasp of each situation and zeroes in on the accurate region of the problem without wasteful consideration of a large range of unfruitful, alternative diagnoses and solutions. |
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