Term
| Management Information Systems |
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Definition
| deals with the planning for, development, management and use of information technology tools to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. |
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Term
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Definition
| are raw facts that describe a particular phenomenon such as the current temperature, the price of a movie rental, or your age. (actually, the term data is plural, datum is singular). |
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Term
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Definition
| Is data that have a particular meaning within a specific context. The current temperature becomes information if you're deciding what to wear; in deciding what to wear the data describing the price of a movie rental are not pertinent information (and therefore only data in that context). |
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Term
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Definition
| Collective information--about your customers, your competitors, your business partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations--that gives you the ability to make effective, important, and often strategic decisions |
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Term
| Defining information quality |
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Definition
-Timeliness--Do you have access to information when you need it? Does the information describe the time period or periods you're considering?
Location--Information has no value if you can't access it
Form--Is the information in a form that is most useful to or usable by you? Is the information free of errors?
Validity--does it come from a credible source? |
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Term
| Four basic directions of information: |
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Definition
1. Upward-upward information flows describe the current state of the organization based on its daily transactions.
2. Downward--strategies, goals, and directives that originate at a higher level are passed to lower levels in downward information flows
3. Horizontal--Information flows horizontally between functional business units and work teams. The goal here is to eliminate the old dilemma of "the right hand not knowing what the left hand is doing."
4. Outward/Inward--Information is communicated from and to customers, suppliers, distributors, and other partners for the purpose of doing business. |
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Definition
| refers to the extent of detail within the information. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes specific operational aspects of an organization |
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Definition
| describes the environment surrounding the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| quantifiably describes something that is known |
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Definition
| attempts to describe something that is unknown |
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Term
| Technology-literate knowledge worker |
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Definition
| knows how and when to apply technology |
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Term
| Information-literate knowledge worker |
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Definition
*can define what information is needed
*knows how and where to obtain information
*understands the information once it is received
*can act appropriately based on the information to help the organization achieve the greatest advantage |
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Term
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Definition
| any computer based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical devices that make up a computer |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a specific task |
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Definition
| a tool you use to enter information and commands |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool you use to see, hear, or otherwise recognize the results of your information-processing requests |
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Term
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Definition
| a toll you use to store information for use at a later time |
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Term
| Central processing unit (CPU) |
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Definition
| the hardware that interprets and executes the system and application software instructions and coordinates the operation of all the hardware |
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Term
| RAM (random access memory) |
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Definition
| a temporary holding area for the information you're working with as well as the system and application software instructions that the CPU currently needs |
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Term
| telecommunications device |
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Definition
| a tool you use to sent information to and receive it from another person or computer in a network. |
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Term
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Definition
| includes such things as a USB port into which you would connect a printer, connector cables to connect your printer to the USB port, and internal connecting devices on the motherboard |
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Term
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Definition
Application Software--enables you to solve specific problems and perform specific tasks (such as Microsoft Word)
System Software-handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of of all technology devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total of all costs that you incur whether or not you sell anything. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount it costs to acquire/produce one unite that you will eventually sell to your customers |
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Term
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Definition
| How much you will sell that one unit for |
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Term
| Reducing fixed costs through technology |
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Definition
*using digital store fronts
*telecommuting
*Voice over IP
*Cloud computing |
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Term
| Reducing variable costs through technology |
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Definition
*virtual goods
*crowdsourcing (use non-employees to sell goods, such as on ebay) |
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Term
| Increasing Revenue through technology |
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Definition
Recommendation Engines--make recommendations to you based on your likes, dislikes and past purchases
Long-tail economics-selling "niche" products |
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Term
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Definition
| providing a product or service in a way that customers value more than what your competition is able to do |
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Term
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Definition
1. Buyer Power
2. Supplier Power
3. Threat of substitute products or services
4. Threat of new entrants
5. Rivalry among existing competitors |
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Term
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Definition
| High when buyers have many choices, low when their choices are few |
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Term
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Definition
| high when buyers have few choices from whom to buy and low when their choices are many |
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Term
| Threat of substitute products or services |
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Definition
| high when there are many alternatives to a product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose |
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Term
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Definition
| costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service supplier. |
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Definition
| high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market |
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Definition
| a product or service feature that customers have come to expect from organizations in a particular industry and that must be offered by an entering organization to compete and survive |
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Term
| Rivalry among existing competitors |
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Definition
| high when competition is fierce in a market and low when competition is more complacent. |
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Term
| Porter's 3 Generic Strategies |
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Definition
1) Overall cost leadership
2) Differentiation
3) Focus |
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Term
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Definition
| Offers the same or better quality product or service at a price that is less than what any of the competition is able to do. |
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Definition
| offering a product or service that is perceived as being "unique" in the marketplace |
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Term
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Definition
offering products or services to:
1) a particular market segment or buyer group
2) within a segment of a product line
3) to a specific geographic market |
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Term
| Run-grow-transform (RGT) Framework |
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Definition
| An approach in which you allocate in terms of percentages how you will spend your IT dollars on various types of business strategies |
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Term
| Run (aspect of RGT network) |
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Definition
| optimize the execution of activities and processes already in place |
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Term
| Grow (aspect of RGT network) |
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Definition
| increase market reach, product and service offerings, expand market share, and so on. |
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Term
| Transform (aspect of RGT network) |
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Definition
| innovate business processes and/or products and services in a completely new way, move into seemingly different markets, and so on. |
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Term
| RGT and Porter's three generic strategies |
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Definition
R-overall cost leadership
G-focus and differentiation
T-(new)differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
| path a product or service follows from the originator of the product or service to the end consumer |
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Term
| Supply chain management (SCM) |
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Definition
| tracks inventory and information among business processes and across companies |
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Term
| Supply chain management system |
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Definition
| IT system that supports supply chain management activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies |
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Term
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Definition
| A method for producing or delivering a product or service just at the time the customer wants it. |
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Term
| Inter-modal transportation |
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Definition
| the use of multiple channels of transportation--railway, truck, boat, and so on--to move products from origin to destination. |
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Term
| A well-designed SCM system helps an organization by optimizing: |
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Definition
Fulfillment-ensuring that the right quantity of parts for production or products for sale arrive at the right time.
Logistics--keeping the cost of transporting materials as low as possible consistent with safe and reliable delivery.
Production--ensuring production lines function smoothly because high-quality parts are available when needed
Revenue and profit--ensuring no sales are lost because shelves are empty
Cost and price--keeping the cost of purchased parts and prices of products at acceptable levels. |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more companies cooperating by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer. |
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Term
| Customer relationship management system |
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Definition
uses information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better.
Typically include
*Sales force automation
*customer service and support
*marketing campaign management
*analytics |
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Term
| Multi-channel service delivery |
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Definition
| describes a company's offering multiple ways in which customers can interact with it. |
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Term
| Sales force automation systems |
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Definition
| automatically track all the steps in the sales process. The sales process contains many steps, including contact management, sales lead tracking, sales forecasting and order management, and product knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| primary interface to customers and sales channels; they send all the customer information they collect to the database |
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Term
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Definition
| used to fulfill and support customer orders and they also send all their customer information to the database. |
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Term
| Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) |
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Definition
| a delivery model for software in which you pay for software on a pay-per-use basis instead of buying the software outright. |
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Term
| Enterprise Resource Planning System |
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Definition
| collection of integrated software for business management, accounting, finance, human resources management, project management, inventory management, service and maintenance, transportation, e-business and supply chain management, customer relationship management and e-collaboration. |
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Term
| Legacy information system |
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Definition
| represents a massive long-term business investment in a software system with a single focus; such systems are often brittle, slow, and non-extensible. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of web-based and mobile technologies that create true interactivity among users. |
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Term
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Definition
| So-called second generation of the web and focuses on online collaboration, users, as both creators and modifiers of content, dynamic and customized information feds and many other engaging web-based services. |
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Term
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Definition
| a site on which you post information about yourself, create a network of friends, read about other people, share content such as photos and videos, and communicate with people |
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Term
| MMORPGs (Massively multiplayer online role-playing games) |
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Definition
| Games in which thousands or perhaps milions of people play and interact in a robust virtual world complete with the characteristics of a free-enterprise economy. |
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Term
| Three pillars of sustainability or, triple-bottom-line |
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Definition
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Term
| Location-based services or social locationing |
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Definition
| the use of a mobile device and its location to check into locations such as businesses and entertainment venues, find friends and their locations, and receive rewards and take advantage of specials based on location. |
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Term
| Location-based services or social locationing |
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Definition
| the use of a mobile device and its location to check into locations such as businesses and entertainment venues, find friends and their locations, and receive rewards and take advantage of specials based on location. |
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Term
| Strategic and competitive opportunities for SCM systems include |
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Definition
*Overall cost leadership
*Fulfillment
*logistics
*production
*revenue and profit
*cost and price |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of fact-based decision making |
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Term
| online transaction processing (OLTP) |
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Definition
| the gathering of input information, processing that information and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information. |
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Term
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Definition
| databases that support online transaction processing |
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Term
| Online analytical processing (OLAP) |
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Definition
| the manipulation of information to support decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of information that you organize and access according to the logical structure of that information. |
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Term
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Definition
uses a series of logically related two-dimensional tables or files to store information in the form of a database.
Compose of two distinct parts:
1) the information itself
2)the logical structure of that information |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the logical structure for the information in a database |
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Term
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Definition
| a field (or group of fields in some cases) that uniquely describes each record |
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Term
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Definition
| a primary key of one file that appears in another file |
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Term
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Definition
| rules that help ensure the quality of the information |
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Term
| Database Management System (DBMS) |
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Definition
| accepts logical requests from the various other DBMS subsystems, converts them into their physical equivalent, and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage device. |
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Term
| Physical view of information |
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Definition
| deals with how information is physically arranged, stored and accessed on some type of storage device such as a hard disk. |
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Term
| Logical view of information |
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Definition
| focuses on how you as a knowledge worker need to arrange and access information to meet your particular business needs. |
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Term
| Data definition subsystem |
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Definition
| helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database |
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Term
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Definition
| allows you to see the contents of a database file, make whatever changes you want, perform simple sorting, and query to find the location of specific information |
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Term
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Definition
| help you quickly define formats of reports and what information you want to see in a report |
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Term
| Query-by-example (QBE) tools |
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Definition
| help you graphically design the answer to a question |
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Term
| Structured Query Language (SQL) |
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Definition
| a standardized fourth-generation query language found in most DBMSs. SQL performs the same function as QBE, except that you perform the query by creating a statement instead of pointing, clicking, and dragging. |
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Term
| Application Generation Subsystem |
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Definition
| the application generation subsystem of a DBMS contains facilities to help you develop transaction-intensive applications. |
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Term
| Data Administration Subsystem |
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Definition
| The data administration subsystem of a DBMS helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management. |
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Term
| Backup and Recovery Facilities |
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Definition
provide a way for you to periodically 1) backup information and 2) restart or recover a database and its information in case of a failure.
A backup is simply a copy of the information stored on a computer. Recovery is the process of reinstalling the backup information in the event the information was lost. |
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Term
| Security Management Facilities |
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Definition
these facilities allow you to controll who has access to what information and what type of access those people have.
Remember CRUD--Create, Read, Update, Delete.
Identifying who can perform those functions on various database information is vitally important. |
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Term
| Query Optimization Facilities |
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Definition
| take queries from users (in the form of SQL statements of QBEs) and restructure them to minimize response times |
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Term
| Reorganization facilities |
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Definition
| continually maintain statistics concerning how the DBMS engine physically accesses information and reorganizes how information is physically stored. |
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Term
| Concurrency control facilities |
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Definition
| ensure the validity of database updates when multiple users attempt to access and change the same information. |
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Term
| Change management facilities |
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Definition
| allow you to assess the impact of proposed structural changes to a database |
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Term
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Definition
| a logical collection of information--gathered from many different operational databases-used to create business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| software tools used to query information in a data warehouse. |
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Term
| Query-and-Reporting tools |
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Definition
| similar to QBE tools, SQL, and report generators in the typical database environment |
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Term
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Definition
| includes tools such as neural networks and fuzzy logic to form the basis of "information discovery" and build business intelligence in OLAP. |
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Term
| Multidimensional Analysis (MDA) tools |
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Definition
| slice-and-dice techniques that allow one to view multidimensional information from different perspectives |
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Term
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Definition
| displays key information gathered from several sources on a computer screen in a format tailored to the needs and wants of an individual knowledge worker |
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Term
| Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) |
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Definition
| the most essential and important quantifiable measures used in analytics initiatives to monitor success of a business activity |
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Term
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Definition
| help apply various mathematical models to the information stored in a data warehouse to discover new information |
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Term
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Definition
Extraction, transformation, and loading.
1. Extracting needed data from its sources
2. Transforming the data into a standardized format
3. Loading the transformed data into a data warehouse |
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Term
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Definition
| a subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse information is kept |
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Term
| CIO (Chief information officer) |
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Definition
| responsible for overseeing every aspect of an organization's information resource. |
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Term
| CTO (Chief technology officer) |
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Definition
| responsible or overseeing both the underlying IT infrastructure within an organization and the user-facing technologies (such as CRM systems). |
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Term
| CSO (chief security officer) |
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Definition
| responsible for the technical aspects of ensuring the security of information such as the development and use of firewalls, intranets, extranets, and anti-virus software |
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Term
| CPO (chief privacy officer) |
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Definition
| responsible for ensuring that information is used in an ethical way and that only the right people have access to certain types of information such as financial records, payroll, and healthcare. |
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Term
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Definition
| the function in an organization that plans for, oversees the development of, and monitors the information source. |
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Term
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Definition
| the function in an organization that is responsible for the more technical and operational aspects of managing the information contained in organizational information repositories. |
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