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Management Chpt 2
Terms and concepts from Chpt 2
31
Business
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2013

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Term
What three types Societal forces have shaped management practices over the years?
Definition
Social: Gen Y employees attitudes/values, new work place

Political: role of the government in business, bail outs, policies, concepts of justice

Economic: less-developed countries gaining more power, recession
Term
What was Fredrick Taylor's discovery and what method did he use to discover it? What was the second family that used this discovery as well?
Definition
Scientific method - watched coal miners to determine the "one best way" to do a job

Gilbreths - used time and motion studies to improve efficiency
Term
Describe Max Weber's contributions. What term did he use that we normally assume to be negative?
Definition
Bureaucratic Oranization - developed perfect organization with these traits:
-clear hierarchy
-written rules for everyone
-hiring/promotions based on ability
Term
Henri Fayol worked his way to the top and then described his 14 principals of management. What are some of them?
Definition
Unity of Command - receives orders from one superior

Division of work - able to produce more/better work with specialization

Unity of Direction: similar activities should be grouped together under one manager

Scalar chain - chain of authority

Written policies
Term
Mary Parker Follett was a ground breaking women who wrote about leadership and management practices. What part of management did she stress in her writing?
Definition
people skills, being a good leader
Term
Chester Barnard stressed the importance of the "informal organization. What does this mean?
Definition
Different ranks of hierarchy interact with each other outside of work place. "GrapeVine"
Term
Barnard also speaks about the acceptance theory of authority. What is this?
Definition
people choose whether they will follow a leader or not. to have power, people have to listen to you.
Term
What were the Hawthorn studies?
Definition
Testing to see if light effected productivity. Hawthorn effect was realized - if people in experiment know whats going on, they can alter results
Term
What was the Human Relations Movement based on?
Definition
truly effective control comes from within individual worker rather than from strict authoritarian control. Peoples needs must be met in order for them to be good workers
Term
Maslow was a forerunner in the Human Resources Perspetive. What did he design that illistrated what workers need to be productive? What was the problem with this system?
Definition
worked with his psycology patients to determine a hierarchy of needs -
1. physiological (Food, sleep)
2. Safety
3. Social needs (belonging)
4. Esteem (valued member)
5. self actualization (doing something because you like it)

Problem - he stated that once one need was met, it no longer motivated the worker.
Term
Describe McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y concepts
Definition
Theory X - pessamistic, don't trust employees, think they hate work, best in structured places like prisons

theory Y - optimist, trusts people, people will do work, flourishes in creative environments
Term
What is the Quantitative Perspective?
Definition
application of mathmatics, statistics, and other techniques of management to solve business problems.

Became popular after WWII
Term
describe the systems theory
Definition
inputs go through a transformation process to make outputs

the ability to see what goes into and what happens during the process to produce outputs

Parts to know:
System - interrelated parts functioning as whole
Subsystem - parts of system that are dependant
Synergy - who is greater than parts
Term
Describe the contingency view
Definition
management skills are a "tool box". you come prepared with as many as you can and use the right ones for the right situations
Term
describe total quality management
Definition
customers always want the best - its business/managements job to make continuous improvement to meet those needs and have high quality things

This requires communication with customer

Four parts:
employee involvement: requires everyone's action
Focus on customer: meet wants/needs
Benchmarking: learn from others and imitate/improve
continuous improvement: small incremental improvements in all areas
Term
define Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Definition
Figure out what customers want, create an ongoing relationship, LOYALTY
Term
Define Outsourcing
Definition
sending out jobs to other countries/places that can do better more efficient work.
Term
A "Dairy farm" view of management (ie contented cows give more milk), theorizes that satisfied workers will do more work. This was espoused by supporters of
Definition
Human Relations movement
Term
Standardization of work methods and productivity-related wage incentives are characteristics of
Definition
scientific management
Term
T or F: according to Max Weber, managers should always be the owners of any organization
Definition
F
Term
T or F: According to the bureaucracy view, Positions are organized in a heirarchy of authority, with each person under the authority of a higher one
Definition
T
Term
T or F: according to Weber, all personnel are selected and promoted based on technical qualifications
Definition
T
Term
T or F: according the the weberian bureaucracy, administrative acts, decisions and prodcedures should be recorded in writing
Definition
T
Term
What were the components of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Definition
Physiological
Safety
Social
Value
Self-actualization
Term
What emphasized the important of understanding human behaviors, needs, attitudes in the workplace as well as social interactions and group processes?
Definition
Humanistic Perspective
Term
What is systems management?
Definition
Recognizing that the synergy of the entire group is more important than the subsystems. Inputs create Outputs. Better to fix whole system, than individual parts
Term
The Behavioral sciences approach is based on what disciplines?
Definition
Economics, Sociology, Psychology
Term
theory X or Y: Holly believes her employees dislike work, avoid responsibility, and need to be controlled and directed
Definition
Theory X
Term
Terry evaluted the employee, the problem, and the context in which the problem occured. What view of management did Terry use?
Definition
Contingency (tool box) view
Term
What was Chester Barnard's significant contribution?
Definition
the concept of informal organization
Term
Using outside companies to handle things like customer coorespondence and phone calls is using...
Definition
outsourcing
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