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Management 301
Chapters 11-14
72
Management
Undergraduate 3
04/18/2011

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Term
Human Capital
Definition
*is the economic value of people with job relevant abilities, knowledge, ideas, energies, and commitments
*if an employee quits, it costs one year of their salary to the organization
Term
3 Major Responsibilities of Human Resource Management
Definition
1) Attracting a quality workforce
2) Developing a quality workforce
3) Maintaining a quality workforce
Term
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Definition
*1990
*prohibits discrimination against a qualified individual on the basis of disability
Term
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Definition
*amended in 1978
*prohibits discrimination against persons over 40; restricts mandatory retirement
Term
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
Definition
*1978
*prohibits employment discrimination against pregnant workers
Term
The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
Definition
*1993
*allows employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave with job guarantees for childbirth, adoption, or family illness
Term
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications
Definition
*employment criteria justified by capacity to perform a job
*example: firefighter
Term
Job Analysis
Definition
*studies exactly what is done in a job, and why
Term
Job Description
Definition
*details the duties and responsibilites of a job holder
Term
Job Specifications
Definition
*list the qualifications required of a job holder
Term
Recruitment
Definition
*a set of activities designed to attract a qualified pool of job applicants
Term
External Recruitment
Definition
*seeks job applicants from outside the organization
Term
Internal Recruitment
Definition
*seeks job applicants from inside the organization
Term
Job Rotation
Definition
*people switch tasks to learn multiple jobs
Term
Mentoring
Definition
*assigns early career employees as proteges to more senior ones
Term
Performance Apprasial
Definition
*the process of formally evaluating performance and providing feedback to a job holder
Term
360 Feedback
Definition
*includes superiors, subordinates, peers, and even customers in the appraisal process
Term
Bonus Pay
Definition
*plans provide one-time payments based on performance accomplishments
Term
Profit Sharing
Definition
*distributes to employees a proportion of net profits earned by the organization
Term
Gain Sharing
Definition
*plans allow employees to share in cost savings or productivity gains realized by their efforts
Term
Employee Stock Ownership Plans
Definition
*help employees purchase stock in their employing companies
Term
Stock Options
Definition
*give the right to purchase shares at a fixed price in the future
Term
Fringe Benefits
Definition
*are non-monetary forms of compensation such as health insurance and retirement plans
Term
Flexible Benefits
Definition
*programs allow employees to choose from a range of benefit options
Term
Family-friendly Benefits
Definition
*help employees achieve better work-life balance
Term
Employee Assistance Programs
Definition
*help employees cope with personal stresses and problems
Term
Halo Effect
Definition
*occurs when one attribute is used to develop an overall impression of a person or situation
*opposite of Horns Bias
Term
Selective Perception
Definition
*the tendency to define problems from one's own point of view
Term
Personality
Definition
*the profile of characteristics making a person unique from others
Term
Big Five Personality Traits
Definition
*extraversion
*agreeableness
*conscientiousness
*emotional stability
*openness to experience
Term
Extraversion
Definition
*being outgoing, sociable, and assertive
Term
Agreeableness
Definition
*being good-natured, cooperative, and trusting
Term
Conscientiousness
Definition
*being repsonsible, dependable, and careful
Term
Emotionally Stability
Definition
*being relaxed, secure, and unworried
Term
Openness to experience
Definition
*being curious, receptive to new ideas, and imaginative
Term
Locus of Control
Definition
*the extent to which one believe that what happens is within one's control
*internals (more self-confident and accept responsibility for their own actions)
*externals (more prone to blame others and outside forces for what happens to them)
Term
Type A Personality
Definition
*a person oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfectionism
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
*Daniel Goldeman
*an ability to understand emotions and manage relationships effectively
Term
Emotions
Definition
*strong feelings directed toward someone or something
Term
Moods
Definition
*generalized positive and negative feelings or states of mind
Term
Stress
Definition
*a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, contraints, or opportunities
Term
Stressor
Definition
*anything that causes stress
Term
Constructive Stress
Definition
*acts in a positive way to increase effort, stimulate creativity, and encourage diligence in one's work
Term
Destructive Stress
Definition
*impairs the performance of an individual
Term
Job Burnout
Definition
*physical and mental exhaustion from work stress
Term
Workplace Rage
Definition
*aggressive behavior toward co-workers or the work setting
Term
Motivation
Definition
*accounts for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work
Term
Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Definition
*Abraham Maslow
*lower-order needs: physiological, safety, and social needs in Maslow's heirarchy
*higher-order needs: esteem and self-actualization needs in Maslow's hierarchy
Term
Order of Needs
Definition
1) self-actualization needs
2) esteem needs
3) social needs
4) safety needs
5) physiological needs
Term
Erg Theory
Definition
*Clayton Alderfer
*existence needs: desires for physical well being
*relatedness needs: desires for good interpersonal relationships
Term
Two-Factor Theory
Definition
*Frederick Herzberg
*satisfier factor: found in job contect, such as a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, or personal growth
*hygiene factor: found in the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary
Term
Acquired Needs Theory
Definition
*David McClelland
*1940s
*need for achievement: the desire to do something better, to seolve problems, or to master complex tasks
*need for power: the desire to control, influence, or be responsible for other people
*need for affiliation: the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people
Term
Equity Theory
Definition
*J. Stacy Adams
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
*Victor Vroom
Term
Goal-Setting Theory
Definition
*Edwin Locke
Term
Self-Efficacy Theory
Definition
*Albert Bandura
Term
Reinforcement Theory
Definition
*E.L. Thorndike
*also called "law of effect": behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated: behavior followed by unpleasent consequences is not
Term
Job Rotation
Definition
*increases talk variety by periodically shifting workers between different jobs
Term
Job Enlargement
Definition
*increases task variety by combining into one job two or more tasks previously done by seperate workers
Term
Job Enrichment
Definition
*increaes job depth by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor
Term
Flexible Working Hours
Definition
*gives employees some choice in daily work hours
*flex-time
Term
Compressed Work Week
Definition
*allows a full time job to be completed in less than 5 days
Term
Part-time work
Definition
*temporary employment for less than the standard 40 hour work week
Term
Team
Definition
*a collection of people who regularly interact to pursue common goals
*Together Everyone Achieves More
Term
Teamwork
Definition
*the process of people actively working together to accomplish common goals
Term
Synergy
Definition
*the creation of a whole greater than the sum of its individual parts
*1+1=3
Term
Formal Group
Definition
*officially recognized and supported by the organization
Term
Informal Group
Definition
*unofficial and emerges from relationships and shared interests among members
Term
5 Distinct Phases in the Life Cycle of Any Team (in order)
Definition
1) Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning
Term
Groupthink
Definition
*a tendency for highly cohesive teams to lose their evaluative capabilities
Term
Illusions of Invulnerability
Definition
*members assume that the team is too good for criticism, or beyond attack
Term
Brainstormign
Definition
*engages group members in an open, spontaneous discussion of problems and ideas
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