Term
| Mammographic signs of malignancy;Spiculated mass. Pleomorphic microcalcifications. (40% of breast cancers) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of breast mass;Space occupying lesion seen in two different projections. Convex borders. Distorts normal architecture. Increased central density. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of breast focal asymmetry;Confined asymmetry with similar shape on two views. Lacks borders conspicuity of a true mass. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of breast asymmetry;Space occupying lesion seen in only one view. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of breast mass (5);Size. Morphology. Associated calcifications. Associated findings. Location. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of breast shapes (4);Round. Oval. Lobular. Irregular. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of breast margins (5);Circumscribed (>75%). Microlobulated (undulated). Obscured. Indistinct (ill-defined). Spiculated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of circumscribed breast mass;>75% of mass is circumscribed (well-defined). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of obscured breast mass;Border is likely circumscribed but hidden by normal tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of breast density (4);High. Equal. Fat-containing radiolucency. Non-fat-containing radiolucency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for breast mass with spiculated margins and or architectural distortion (4);Breast cancer. Fat necrosis. Scar. Radial Scar. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of Radial Scar/Complex Sclerosing Lesion;Central sclerosis with varying degrees of epithelial proliferation (precancerous). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for well-defined mass (6);Cyst. Fibrosis. Fibroadenomas. Breast cancer. Lymphoma. Metestases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for multiple bilateral masses (5);Cysts. Fibroadenomas. Multiple Papillomas. Metastises. Multifocal breast cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for ill-defined breast mass (3);Breast cancer. Abscess (usually subareolar in lactating women). Spontaneous Hematomas (coagulopathy). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for fat-containing radiolucent breast mass (5);Oil cyst (result of trauma). Lipoma. Galactocele. Hamartoma. Fibroadenolipoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Description of a breast fibroadenoma;Most common well-defined homogeneous solid mass. Large |
|
Definition
| coarse and irregular calcifications. |
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of calcifications (4);Morphology (shape). Distribution. Associated findings. Location. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Benign breast calcifications (10);Skin/lucent center. Vascular. Coarse/Popcorn. Large/Rod-like. Round (small less than 1 mm |
|
Definition
| punctuate less than 0.5 mm). Eggshell/Rim. Milk of calcium. Suture. Dystrophic. |
|
|
Term
| Milk of calcium;Sedimented calcifications in macro/microcysts. Amorphous on cranial caudal view. Semilunar |
|
Definition
| crescent, tea cup shaped on medial lateral oblique view. |
|
|
Term
| Coarse popcorn calcifications;Involuting fibroadenoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large rod-like calcifications;Ductal ectasia and/or secretory calcifications. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lucent centered calcification;Fat necrosis or calcified debris in ducts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eggshell/rim calcifications;Fat necrosis. Calcifications within wall of cysts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dystrophic calcifications;Post trauma. Radiation changes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dot-dash or casting calcifications;Comedocarcinoma type of intraductal carcinoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intermediate concern breast calcifications (2);Amorphous/Indistinct. Coarse heterogeneous (>0.5 mm but not the size of dystrophic calcifications). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High probability breast calcifications (2);Fine pleomorphic (varying in size and shapes |
|
Definition
| less than 0.5 mm). Linear or branching (suggests filling of involved duct). |
|
|
Term
| Calcification distribution modifiers (5);Diffuse/Scattered. Regional. Grouped/Clustered. Linear. Segmental. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of regional distribution;Scattered in large volume (>2cc) of Breast tissue. Does not conform to duct distribution. Less likely to be malignant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of grouped/clustered distribution;At least 5 calcifications occupy small volume (less than 1 cc). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of segmental distribution;Calcifications distributed in ductal distribution. Worrisome for malignancy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of architectural distortion;Distorted architecture without definite mass. Suspicious for malignancy or radial scar |
|
Definition
| if no prior trauma or surgery. |
|
|
Term
| Significance of asymmetric tubular structure/solitary dilated duct;Little as long as no other findings. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramammary lymph node;Typically reniform with radiolucent notch. Typically within upper outer breasts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of global asymmetry;Greater volume of Breast tissue in one breast relative to the other. No mass |
|
Definition
| distorted architecture or associated suspicious calcifications. |
|
|
Term
| Associated breast findings (6);Skin retraction |
|
Definition
| Skin lesion, Skin thickening (>2 mm), Nipple retraction, Trabecular thickening, Axillary adenopathy (> 2cm, non-fatty replaced are worrisome) |
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of mammography location (3) and depth (3) ;Subareolar |
|
Definition
| Central, Axillary tail. Anterior, Middle, Posterior. |
|
|
Term
| Descriptors of Breast composition (4);Almost entirely fat (less than 25% glandular). Scattered fibroglandular densities (25-50%). Heterogeneously dense (51-75%). Extremely dense (>75%). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incomplete. 1, Negative. 2, Benign Findings. 3, Probably Benign (3-94%). 4, Suspicious abnormality (A,B,C). 5, Highly suggestive (>95%). 6, Proven malignancy. |
|
|
Term
| BIRADS 3;Probably Benign. Less than 2% chance of malignancy. Low grade cancer if present. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imaging decisionin patient less than 30 years with palpable abnormality;1st: US. 2nd: Single oblique view (only if necessary). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| background echotexture descriptors (3);Homogeneous: fibroglandular or fat. Heterogeneous: typically occurs in younger patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mass Shapes (3);Oval. Round. Irregular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Orientation descriptors (2);Parallel (wider than tall). Not Parallel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Margin descriptors (5);Circumscribed. Indistinct. Angular. Spiculated. Microlobulated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lesion boundary descriptors (2);Abrupt. Echogenic: no sharp demarcation between mass and surrounding tissue. |
|
|
Term
| Echo Patterns (5);Anechoic. Hyperechoic. Complex. Hypoechoic. Isoechoic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior Acoustic Features (4);None. Enhancement (echogenic deep to mass). Shadowing (echopenic deep to mass). Combined. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clustered Microcysts (2);Fibrocystic changes. Apocrine metaplasia: Tiny anechoic foci (less than 2 to 3 mm) with thin (less than 0.5 mm) septations. |
|
|
Term
| Differential for mass in or on skin (6);Sebaceous or epidermal inclusion cysts. Keloids. Moles. Neurofibromas. Accessory nipples. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal lymph node appearance;Reniform (hypoechoic cortex and echogenic fatty hilus). Axillary LN typically less than 2 cm. |
|
|
Term
| Differential for abnormal lymph nodes (7);Metastatic disease. Infectious. Connective tissue disorder (RA |
|
Definition
| Sarcoidosis). Lymphoma. Leukemia. Granulomatous disease (calcifications). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| BIRADS 3;Solid mass with circumscribed margins, oval shape and parallel orientation. Likely fibroadenoma, nonpalpable complicated cysts, or cluster of microcysts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focus versus Foci;Small (less than 5 mm) isolated spot(s) of enhancement. Not seen on precontrast images. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-mass-like enhancement descriptors (7);Focal area. Linear. Ductal. Segmental. Regional. Diffuse. Multiple areas of enhancement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Focal area definition;Internal enhancement. Non-mass like. Occupies less than 25% of breast quadrant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difference between linear and ductal enhancement;Ductal: resembles a line on 2 views, points towards nipple. Linear: resembles a sheet rather than a line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Difference between segmental and regional enhancement;Segmental: triangular enhancement with apex towards nipple, suggests ductal morphology. Regional: geographic enhancement, not conforming to a duct. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Internal MR enhancement patterns (5);Homogeneous. Heterogeneous. Stippled/Punctate. Clumped. Reticular/Dendritic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kinetic Curve;Initial phase: Slow, Medium, Rapid. Delayed phase: Washout (malignant), Plateau (either), Persistent (benign). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Screening population selection criteria;>25% risk, based on family history, PMH, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for Breast cancer (6);Personal History. Age. Mother |
|
Definition
| Sister, Daughter with breast cancer. Atypical or precancerous lesions on biopsy. Nulliparity or first child at or older than 30 years. |
|
|
Term
| Expected outcomes in group of 1000 asymptomatic women;80 require additional studies. 17 biopsied. 6 cancers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percent of breast cancer not detected at mammography. ;9-16%. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Percent of malignancies found with biopsy of mammographically suspicious abnormalities;25-35%. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mammography radiation risk;Life time risk of breast cancer from 1 mammogram. 40-49 y/o: 2/mil |
|
Definition
| 50-59 y/o: 1/mil. Risk of dying from Breast cancer, 40-49: 700/mil, 50-59: 1000/mil. |
|
|
Term
| Convention labeling of Breast radiographs;Marker (l/r/cc/mlo) always placed by axillary tail/lateral breast. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MLO view;Depicts most tissue. Must visualize posterior nipple line (perpendicular line from pec through nipple) and inframammary fold. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CC view;Pec visualized central on the film (only occurs at 30%) with nipple in profile at 1 cm from image edge. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with indeterminate calcifications;Fibrocystic Change. Fibrosis adenosis. Sclerosing adenosis. Epithelial hyperplasia. Cysts. Apocrine metaplasia. Atypical hyperplasia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Differential for increased breast density;Hormone therapy (bilateral). Inflammatory cancer (skin thickening). Radiation therapy (at 6 months). Diffuse mastitis. Lymphatic/venous obstruction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intracapsular versus Extracapsular implant Rupture;Intravascular: contained. Extravascular: free. Mammography can't detect intracapsular silicone rupture (MR). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Description of Gynecomastia;Triangular or flame shaped area of subglandular tissue with interspersed fat. Unilateral more common than bilateral. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of gynecomastia;Chronic liver disease. Meds (cimetidine |
|
Definition
| thiazides, digitalis). Marijuana. Testicular, adrenal, or pituitary tumor. |
|
|
