Term
soft tissue radiographic exam of the breast
only muscle and fat structures are imaged
designed to enhance differential absorption in similar tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnostic mammograms are ____ examinations in which specific projections are obtained to ____ or to ____ |
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Definition
problem-solving
rule out cancer
demonstrate a suspicious area |
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Term
| primary goal of mammography |
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Definition
| detect breast cancer before it is palpable |
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Term
| __ in __ American women will develop breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| a lesion as small as ___ may be detected, which may otherwise take __ to __ years before becoming palpable |
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Definition
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Term
| mammography does not diagnose ___, only a pathologist can |
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Definition
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Term
| ___% of men will develop breast cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| patients in the early stages of the disease respond ___ to treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| factors known to affect development of breast cancer |
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Definition
age
family history
hormonal history |
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Term
| a baseline mammogram should be obtained usually by age __ |
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Definition
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Term
| 40-49 years of age undergo ___(high risk) or ___ (low risk) screening mammograms |
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Definition
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Term
| age 50 and over should have ___ mammograms |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ found in women with family history |
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Definition
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Term
| true genetic disorders have only been identified in ___% of women |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ breast tissue is more sensitive to carcinogens during menarche |
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Definition
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Term
| early menses, late menopause, firth birth after age 30, nullparity |
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Definition
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Term
| enacted by US federal government in 1992 over pulic concern over poor quality of mammography |
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Definition
| Mammography Quality Standards Act |
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Term
| MQSA was a result of ______ that said all women over 40 should get a baseline mammogram |
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Definition
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Term
| Act went into effect on __ |
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Definition
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Term
Requires all facilities performing mammography (except VA facilities) to meet strict federal quality standards and become certified for operation by the secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Mammography must be performed on dedicated mammography units.
Mammography unit must be state-of-the-art and monitored regularly through an intensive quality assurance program. |
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Definition
| Mammography Quality Standards Act |
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Term
| the MQSA Marks the first time the use of an x-ray machine and a specific examination were ___ |
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Definition
| regulated by the federal government |
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Term
| Known as Public Law 105-248 |
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Definition
| 28 April 1999 Final Rules |
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Term
| Asymptomatic patient or a patient without any known breast problems |
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Definition
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Term
| screening mammography has a ___ protocol, usually medial lateral oblique and cranial caudad projections |
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Definition
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Term
| Performed on patients with symptoms or elevated risk factors |
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Definition
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Term
| Some patients may be required to return for subsequent mammograms in __ months to assess for interval changes |
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Definition
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Term
| continues to be the standard in current breast radiography |
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Definition
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Term
| single emulsion and match with a single back screen |
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Definition
| specially designed mammography intensifing screens |
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Term
Contains flat detector mounted on x-ray unit
No imaging plate required
Captures remnant x-rays and produces digital image which is then projected on a monitor for direct viewing |
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Definition
| advantages of direct digital mammography |
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Term
| confidence in detecting microcalcifications and tissue changes in the breast has been questioned by radiologists when examining ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ target with ___ filter, used most often |
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Definition
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Term
| Used for better penetration of more dense, thick-tissued breasts |
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Definition
| molybdenum/rhodium target with rhodium filter |
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Term
| X-ray tube is aligned with cathode placed over __ of breasts and anode toward __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Provides consistent image receptor exposure for various thickness and density compositions of breast tissues and for the range of kVp used |
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Definition
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Term
-Decrease thickness of breasts
-Brings breast structures as close to image receptor as possible
-Increase radiographic contrast
-Reduce motion and geometric unsharpness
-More uniform image receptor exposure |
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Definition
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Term
| Compression controlled by technologist and is typically applied at __ of force |
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Definition
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