Term
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Definition
| Sweat glands and the mammary gland. Only a portion of cells are lost so that individual cells survive and are capable for periodic secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| Sebaceous glands. Cells are ruptured and sloughed to become a part of the secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
Mammary gland. Products secreted but the secretory cells remain intact.
Protein and lactose packaging. |
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Term
| What type of secretion is milk secretion? |
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Definition
| Apocrine. Fat droplets in the cytoplasm migrate and are pinched off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobins, casin, and alpha-lactoblumin. |
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Term
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Definition
carbohydrate: lactose
Protein: Casin, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactalbumin
Lipids, minerals, and vitamins. |
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Term
| Main support for the Udder |
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Definition
| Deep lateral suspensory ligament, and the median suspensory ligament. |
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Term
| Superficial lateral suspensory ligament |
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Definition
| Very fibrous with elastic tissue |
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Term
| Deep lateral suspensory ligament |
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Definition
| fibrous, extends under enveloping udder. |
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Term
| Lateral suspensory ligament |
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Definition
| Substantial support. Doesn't stretch. Udder when full will pull away from the body. |
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Term
| Median suspensory ligament |
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Definition
| Arises from abdominal wall. Dives udder into 4ths. Can stretch |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Clear colorless liquid with a composition similar to blood plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
| Epithelium secretory tissue. Alveoli |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Ducts are ___
Ductules are ___ |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Milk synthesis and secretion. Holds 1/5 of a drop. |
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Term
|
Definition
Blood side
Exposed to alveolar lumen |
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Term
|
Definition
| connective/supportive tissue. |
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Term
| Alveoli are made up of what kind of cells? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What happens to alveoli during dry period? |
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Definition
| Cells loose structure and are reabsorbed. |
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Term
| During parturition the number of mitochondria |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Grows larger during lactogenesis. Lactose synthesis. Final packaging of milk proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry non-fat constituents and vesicular membranes to apical membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Macromolecules and nutrients. Site of anaerobic break down of glucose |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stop passage of materials |
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Term
|
Definition
| allow low molecular weight molecules to move between cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| Uptake of amino acids, sugars, milk fat precursors, preformed proteins, and paracellular pathway. |
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Term
| What are the two phases of secretory activities? |
|
Definition
1) formation of intracellular secretory structures
2) release of products into lumen. Cells become cubodial. |
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Term
| Factors that effect production |
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Definition
| Ability of gland to produce, number of cells, diet, stress, age, health, breed... |
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Term
|
Definition
| Before lactation, growth and development of gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pregnancy initiation of milk secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Maintenance of milk secretion/ actual lactation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Cells become more specialized |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| targets sites on same cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Growth hormone, prolactin, insulin, IGF-1, Follicle Stimulation Hormone, and LH |
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Term
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Definition
| growth that occurs at the same rate as the body |
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Term
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Definition
| growth that doesn't occur at the same rate as the body |
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Term
| At birth the mammary gland... |
|
Definition
| isn't developed. The teats and the nonsecretory tissue are. |
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|
Term
| Mammary parenchymal growth is rapid... |
|
Definition
| Before puberty, around conception, and lactogenesis. |
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Term
| Major regulators of mammary development |
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Definition
| Estrogen (E2), Prolactin, IGF-1, Progesterone (P4), somatotropin (growth hormone), and glucocortcoids. |
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Term
|
Definition
ovarian hormone. Stimulates growth of ducts.
Requires: prolactin and somatropin |
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Term
|
Definition
| ovarian hormone. Initiates multiplication of ducts and ductle cells. Leads to duct development. |
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Term
| Growth/somatotropin hormone |
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Definition
| Pituitary hormone. Stimulates mammary growth. Increases synthesis of IGF-1. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates ductal branching, and lobular-alveolar development. |
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Term
|
Definition
Promotes alveolar epithelial cell growth.
Epithelial cell growth
Increases growth of alveolar cells blocks differentiation. |
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Term
| Lactation begins fully when |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormone concentration around parturition |
|
Definition
| Progesterone low, glucocorticoids high, estrogen high, and prolactin high. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pituitary. Works with cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
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