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Male Reproductive System
N/A
85
Health Care
Graduate
02/08/2013

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Cards

Term
balan/o
Definition
glans penis
Term
epididym/o
Definition
epididymis
Term
orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o
Definition
testis or testicle
Term
perine/o
Definition
perineum
Term
prostat/o
Definition
prostate
Term
sperm/o, spermat/o
Definition
sperm (seed)
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel
Term
scrotum
Definition
skin covered pouch in the groin divided into two sacs, each containing a testis and an epididymis
Term
testis
testicle
Definition
one of the two male reproductive glands, located in the scrotum, that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone
Term
sperm, spermatozoon
Definition
male gamete or sex cell produced in the testes that unites with the ovum in the female to produce offspring
Term
epididymis
Definition
coiled duct on the top and at the side of the testis that stores sperm before emission
Term
penis
Definition
erectile tissue covered with skin that contains the urethra for urination and the ducts for secretion of seminal fluid (semen)
Term
glans penis
Definition
bulging structure at the distal end of the penis (glans=acorn)
Term
prepuce
Definition
foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision
Term
vas deferens
Definition
duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Term
seminal vesicle
Definition
one of two sac-like structures behind the bladder and connected to the vas deferens on each side; secretes an alkaline substance into the semen to enable the sperm to live longer
Term
semen
Definition
a mixture of the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands discharged from the male urethra during orgasm
Term
ejaculatory duct
Definition
duct formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle; its fluid is carried into the urethra
Term
prostate gland
Definition
trilobular gland that encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes and alkaline fluid into the semen
Term
bulbourethral glands
Cowper glands
Definition
pair of glands below the prostate with ducts opening into the urethra, that adds a viscid (sticky) fluid to the semen
Term
perineum
Definition
external region between the scrotum and anus in a male and between the vulva and anus in a female
Term
aspermia
Definition
inability to secrete or ejaculate sperm
Term
azoospermia
Definition
semen without living spermatozoa; a sign of infertility in a male
Term
oligospermia
Definition
scanty production and expulsion of sperm
Term
mucopurulent discharge
Definition
drainage of mucus and pus
Term
anorchism
Definition
absence of one or both testes
Term
balanitis
Definition
inflammation of the glans penis
Term
cryptorchism
cryptorchidism
Definition
undescended testicle, or failure of a testis to descend into the scrotal sac during fetal development; the testis most often remains lodged in the abdomen or inguinal canal, requiring surgical repair
Term
epididymitis
Definition
inflammation of the epididymis
Term
erectile dysfunction (ED)
Definition
failure to initiate or maintain an erection until ejaculation because of physical or psychological dysfunction; formerly termed impotence
Term
hydrocele
Definition
hernia of fluid in the testis or in the tubes leading from the testis
Term
hypospadias
Definition
congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Term
Peyronie disease
Definition
disorder characterized by a buildup of hardened fibrous tissue in the corpus cavernosum, causing pain and a defective curvature of the penis, especially during erection
Term
phimosis
Definition
a narrowed condition of the prepuce (foreskin) resulting in its inability to be drawn over the glans penis, often leading to infection; commonly requires circumcision
Term
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Definition
enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, causing urinary obstruction
Term
prostate cancer
Definition
malignancy of the prostate gland
Term
prostatitis
Definition
inflammation of the prostate
Term
spermatocele
Definition
painless, benign cystic mass containing sperm lying above and posterior to, but separate from, the testicle
Term
testicular cancer
Definition
malignant tumor in one or both testicles commonly developing from the germ cells that produce sperm; classified in two groups according to growth potential
Term
seminoma
Definition
most common type of testicular tumor, composed of immature germ cells; highly treatable with early detection
Term
nonseminoma
Definition
testicular tumor arising from more mature germ cells; these tumors have a tendency to be more aggressive than seminomas and often develop earlier in life; includes choriocarcinoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, and yolk sac tumors
Term
varicocele
Definition
enlarged, swollen, herniated veins near the testis
Term
chlamydia
Definition
most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in North America; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread
Term
gonorrhea
Definition
contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhea; the condition was named for the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen; the genus is named for the Polish dermatologist Albert Neisser
Term
syphilis
Definition
sexually transmitted infection caused by a spirochete and which may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erode and form bloodless ulcers called chancres
Term
hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Definition
virus that causes inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood
Term
herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
Definition
virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
Term
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Definition
virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which permits various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid (ex. semen or vaginal secretions)
Term
human papilloma virus (HPV)
Definition
virus transmitted by direct sexual contact that causes an infection that can occur on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals
Term
condyloma acuminatum (pl. condylomata acuminata)
Definition
lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts
Term
biopsy (Bx)
Definition
tissue sampling used to identify neoplasia
Term
biopsy of the prostate
Definition
needle biopsy of the prostate; often performed using ultrasound guidance
Term
testicular biopsy
Definition
biopsy of a testicle
Term
digital rectal exam (DRE)
Definition
insertion of a finger into the male rectum to palpate the rectum and prostate
Term
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
Definition
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer; an elevated level of the antigen indicates the possible presence of tumor
Term
urethrogram
Definition
x-ray of the urethra and prostate
Term
semen analysis
Definition
study of semen, including a sperm count with observation of morphology (form) and motility; usually performed to rule out male infertility
Term
endorectal sonogram of the prostate
transrectal sonogram of the prostate
Definition
scan of the prostate made after introducing an ultrasonic transducer into the rectum; also used to guide needle biopsy
Term
circumcision
Definition
removal of the foreskin (prepuce), exposing the glans penis
Term
epididymectomy
Definition
removal of an epididymis
Term
orchiectomy
orchidectomy
Definition
removal of a testicle
Term
orchioplasty
Definition
repair of a testicle
Term
orchiopexy
Definition
fixation of an undescended testis in the scrotum
Term
prostatectomy
Definition
excision of the prostate gland
Term
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
Definition
removal of prostatic gland tissue through the urethra using a rectoscope, a specialized urologic endoscope; common treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertorphy (BPH)
Term
vasectomy
Definition
removal of a segment of the vas deferens to produce sterility in the male
Term
vasovasostomy
Definition
restoration of the function of the vas deferens to regain fertility after a vasectomy
Term
chemotherapy
Definition
treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
Term
radiation therapy
Definition
treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation, usually from a cobalt source, to stop the proliferation of malignant cells
Term
brachytherapy
Definition
radiation therapy technique involving internal implantation of radioactive isotopes, such as radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer; brachy-, meaning short distance, refers to localized application
Term
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Definition
use of a hormone to remedy a deficiency or regulate production (ex. testosterone)
Term
penile prosthesis
Definition
implantation of a device designed to provide an erection of the penis; used to treat physical impotence
Term
penile self-injection
Definition
intracavernosal injection therapy causing an erection; used in treatment of erectile dysfunction
Term
BPH
Definition
benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy
Term
Bx
Definition
biopsy
Term
DRE
Definition
digital rectal exam
Term
ED
Definition
erectile dysfunction
Term
HBV
Definition
hepatitis B virus
Term
HIV
Definition
human immunodeficiency virus
Term
HPV
Definition
human papilloma virus
Term
HRT
Definition
hormone replacement therapy
Term
HSV-2
Definition
herpes simplex virus type 2
Term
PSA
Definition
prostate-specific antigen
Term
STD
Definition
sexually transmitted disease
Term
TURP
Definition
transurethral resection of the prostate
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